During the interwar years, fascist movements were active in every European country. Reflecting fascism as a transnational cycle of protest, this networking project brings together twenty scholars, each of whom have specialist knowledge of one European fascist movement. Through a series of structured meetings, the collaborators will seek to uncover common trends and themes between the movements. With an expanded knowledge of fascist movements, the participants in the network will produce a seminal collection of translated source material to be published by Routledge. Crucially, through a close collaboration with the Wiener Library London and the Centre for the Analysis of the Radical Right, the project will bring its findings into the public realm in the form of a public website, exhibition and digital app. Given the resurgence of right-wing parties and extremist movements across the world in recent years, this is a timely project. Indeed, it is crucial more than ever that we now understand how fascist movements functioned. Most scholars define fascism by thinking first of what was unique about fascist regimes, putting fascist movements a distant second. As a result we lose sight of countries where strong fascist movements never managed to take power. By placing movements rather than regimes at the centre, this project helps us to understand more fully what drove individuals to identify themselves with the label 'fascism', how fascists recruited, and how states and anti-fascist individuals dealt with the fascist threat. This project has serious consequences for the field of fascist studies more generally. First, instead of looking for an ideology that has been officially sanctioned by a regime, we explore the roots of these movements. In many cases the movement preceded the formulation of ideology. We thus need to study ideology as a product of fascist movements rather than as their cause. Second, the project suggests that 'successful' fascisms gained strength from the political systems they were challenging. Fascism should therefore be seen as a transnational cycle of protest that managed to take power in some countries but not others. Taking this approach necessitates an exploration of where fascists themselves looked for their inspiration and redrawing our conceptual maps appropriately. Finally, thinking of fascism in transnational terms challenges us to write a chronological history of this protest cycle as a whole rather than telling each story independently within the confines of various nation-states. At present scholars know too little about fascist movements in a comparative sense because too few of the sources have been translated. Our source collection will allow high school and university students to analyse sources themselves and provide specialists with the material they need for a deeper engagement with movements that they do not have the linguistic capabilities to research themselves. The project seeks to increase public knowledge about fascist movements through a series of interactive public events and an article in the journal History and Policy. Collaborations with the Centre for the Analysis of the Radical Right will facilitate conversations with experts on contemporary extremism and provide forums for outreach. Similarly, the project partnership with the Wiener Library will lead to a public symposium and exhibition of the source material in the Library's exhibition space.