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Biochar is a circular and ecological solution to manage waste that is not recyclable. It is a charcoal-like substance, produced by heating organic biomass from biodegradable municipal, agriculture and forestry waste in the absence of oxygen (pyrolysis) to make it carbon-rich and chemically-stable offering enormous potential to combat climate change. Many forms of biochar use and application are emerging including its use as a building material. The use of biochar as low as 1% replacement of the fine aggregate in cementitious composites has been found to improve the compressive strength by approximately 10%. As well as having excellent insulating properties, improving air quality, being able to soak up moisture and protect from radiation, biochar also allows buildings to be turned into carbon sinks. The project vision is to provide a decision support framework to enhance the use of biochar within the UK building industry to make a significant contribution to fight climate change. The aim is to increase the level of awareness of biochar and its commercial, healthy revenue generation potential, carbon credits and environmental benefits for the building industry. We will carry out detailed analysis of the inclusion of different types of biochar in varying quantities in cementitious composites such as concrete, bricks, plaster, and grout. The physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of these composites such as concrete will be studied to understand their performance, overall durability and thermal conductivity for applications within buildings. In parallel to this these biochar composites would also run through building modelling to investigate contribution to energy savings and enhanced thermal efficiency in buildings. We will compare carbon savings with standard building construction for chosen building archetypes. The savings achieved will help us to assess the value of biochar in construction. Our interdisciplinary approach includes the participation and collaboration of stakeholders to generate qualitative and quantitative indicators to express, holistically, the value of biochar in modern low-carbon construction. Through an integrative stakeholder approach, this project aims to explore (a) the awareness of the commercial and revenue generation potential of biochar (b) its potential to realise carbon credits and environmental benefits for the built environment as well as (c) subjective perceptions of the overall value attached to biochar and the interest and motivation to increase its usage within the built environment sector. To share the outcomes of our research and to identify next steps for promoting the use of biochar in the UK we will use qualitative approaches to carefully design a series of events and workshops. True innovation in the built environment is highly dependent on national policy, building standards, urban regulations, construction codes, market conditions and financial mechanisms which facilitate or obstruct the emergence of innovative solutions. We will be therefore speaking to multi-stakeholders including policy makers, energy ministers, the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and to understand the effectiveness, readiness, cost, social acceptability and limitations of biochar as the building material. We will illicit concerns, attitudes, challenges and opportunities for the biochar application within buildings and identify ways of how best to adapt legal regulations regarding production and usage of biochar and associated carbon credits. The final outcome being a decision support framework for practitioners in adopting biochar as a sustainable construction material with indicators proposed would be transferrable to other new (or less used) materials.
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