Galleries, libraries, museums and archives (GLAM) are institutions typically associated with the articulation of collective narratives on identity, culture, history and society. A retrospective examination on the global history of GLAM institutions over the past centuries reveals a diversity of dynamics, approaches, and ideas regarding their roles in producing narratives on culture and society (Poulot 1997; Crane 1997; Robinson 2012; Bennett 2013). GLAM institutions are both shaped by powers, and have traditionally expressed dominant narratives of culture and society, yet they also serve as platforms for alternative practices that seek to rebalance the public discourse on culture, identity, and history (Smith 2006). The aim of this knowledge synthesis is to bring awareness about the importance of GLAM institutions in enabling intercultural relationships. While extensive literature exists on GLAM's involvement in cultural diplomacy --focusing on enabling diplomatic relationship between states through culture and promoting narratives of friendship and shared ventures, this knowledge synthesis project focuses on bringing to light on works that help us understand how GLAM institutions have also been spaces for transnational relationships, which transcend dominant narratives and formal knowledge as well as empower minority groups through the expression of their cultural identities. Delving into transnationalism may inform policy development and shed light on the significance of GLAM's institutional and professional autonomy. The creativity that developed by GLAM at local level not only fulfils cultural policy and international cooperation objectives, but also empowers marginalized groups by nurturing their identities and supporting their international initiatives. Such a synthesis, as outlined in this project, can identify the transferable values and practices of GLAM institutions that enable intercultural relationships, bring attention to the peculiarities that are contingent on specific contexts (e.g., Canadian and UK contexts), and facilitate a critical examination of practices and open a window on the different ways in which GLAM institutions and their professional contribute to global narratives of history, culture, and identity. In doing so, this literature review will contribute to the following question outlined by the funding call: "how can educational and cultural institutions, including galleries, libraries, archives, and museums, support the flourishing of diverse cultural perspectives and practices"? The team is currently developing projects to collaborate on and establish a global research programme on GLAM and cultural transnationalism. This funding opportunity provides the necessary platform and resources for the team to conduct a thorough literature review and to test its theoretical framework. This presents a prime chance for us to capture and organize 10 years of literature on cultural transnationalism and GLAM as well as to revisit cultural diplomacy literature and see how it stands vis-à-vis transnationalism.