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Lasers are found in many aspects of modern technology and are an essential tool for industry. The ultraviolet (uv) region of the spectrum is especially useful: for example, the minute circuitry used in modern electronics owes its existence to a photographic process in which silicon chips are exposed to uv light. However, the production of uv lasers presents a formidable technical challenge. The light itself is highly energetic and can causing damage to materials. Further, intense uv light has a polarising effect and acts like an optical 'tractor beam': microscopic particles are drawn to the point of highest intensity and get 'burnt' onto sensitive light-transmitting surfaces. While it is difficult to generate uv light, the incentive to succeed is great. Multi-billion-dollar industries are dependent on it with applications in chip manufacture, medical instrumentation, automotive industry, and environmental sensing. While commercial solutions do exist, the market is by no means closed to innovation with existing technology being either unreliable or complex. Cost is also a large factor with embedded laser systems contributing a substantial part to the value of advanced machinery. This project aims to bring together the know-how acquired from many years of dedicated research at the University of Glasgow together with the manufacturing capability of Skylark Lasers. The essential components of the laser will be fused together using hydroxide catalysis bonding to form a compact, monolithic assembly or 'bullet' laser. This innovation offers unique advantages over current technology: the laser will have reduced size and complexity and improved mechanical rigidity; it will also address the inherent issue of damage at optical surfaces. We anticipate that products based on this technology will gain significant market traction, leading to commercial success for the company and, ultimately, growth for UK high-tech industry. A primary market objective is to replace uv gas lasers of which there are around 100,000 operating globally. These consume 1000 times more energy than solid-state alternatives and have a much larger footprint. Their displacement from the market would have a significant environmental impact, in vastly reducing energy consumption, and would also remove carcinogen chemicals from the production cycle. Another application with an environmental impact is the use of uv LIDAR to predict wind conditions as a means of enhancing wind turbine efficiency. We envisage devices embedded within industrial systems for spectroscopy, microscopy, chip inspection and sterilisation. The University of Glasgow is a major partner in the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, supported through STFC's core programme, and their expertise in hydroxide catalysis bonding has been instrumental to the success of this ground-breaking project. Skylark Lasers is an early-stage SME set to grow rapidly over the coming years having attracted significant investment for the development of its portfolio of solid-state lasers. A CASE studentship will provide a focal point for collaboration between researchers at the University of Glasgow and technologists at Skylark Lasers. The company will benefit from know-how acquired by the student and a particular goal of the placement following the PhD (CASE plus) will be to enable the company to produce fused assemblies in-house and so develop a new product line. For the university, this will be a striking example of how they can make an impact on the UK economy through knowledge transfer and will demonstrate the spin-off benefit of investment in fundamental research.
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