"The project ""To be or not to be... formal"" aimed to create links between the non-formal education activities run by Youth NGOs in different geographic and cultural contexts and the formal educational system. Furthermore it aimed to produce an handbook to be used by youth workers in preparing international youth mobility and volunteering activities, focusing on educational aspects and providing practical hints and suggestions.The project was in particular focused on showing the positive educational impact of non-formal activities in the frame of socialisation and social rehabilitation process toward young people at risk of social exclusion or social deviance or those who have fewer opportunities to get involved in similar actions. The project involved partners and participants from 9 countries from European Union, candidate countries, Asia and Africa, mixing together non-governmental organisations, public institutions and educational institutions, thus promoting a cross-sectorial cooperation and the development of cross-sectorial tools. In particular, the project made it possible for a group of youth workers and active volunteers to job-shadow in other organisations and get familiar with the youth/social work done by different NGOs in several countries. Then, a large number of young people got involved in international mobility activities which were firstly observed and then tested as non-formal educational tools and experiences. In the frame of the project, a group of youth/social workers was also trained on educational aspects of international mobility, with special focus on youth exchanges and international voluntary projects in general. Observers and researchers had the role of monitoring and assessing the effective impact of these activities, collecting best practices and providing further guidance and hints to NGOs dealing with this kind of activities. In the end, a video was made with the intention of gathering some of participants’ testimonies, and an handbook was produced to summarise the results of the project and to indicate a model of work with young persons and young-adults who can benefit in terms of educational, personal and social development by their direct involvement in international mobility as a mean for non-formal education and social inclusion.Along two-year projects, direct beneficiaries of international mobilities (job-shadowing, youth exchange and training course) were 122 persons, among which 79 young people, many of them at their first volunteering experience (39 with fewer opportunities), and 43 youth workers and active volunteers.The project in total included 17 activities and involved participants, trainers, youth workers and observers from 9 organisations or institutions from Belgium, Croatia, FYRO Macedonia, Hong-Kong, Kenya, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Vietnam. Dissemination was made by promoting and distributing the handbook and the final video and reaching about 50.000 contacts."