The project is dedicated to the study of creative and receptive processes in music. It revolves around a close interaction among three complementary areas of high-level expertise: a) (ethno)musicological field studies; b) music perception and cognition and c) computational modelling. More precisely, the study will focus on oral/aural creativity in Mediterranean traditional cultures. The passing of the music industry into the digital era offers unforeseen opportunities for problems in analysis, management and control of musical content. The development of tools for systematic, detailed and automated analyses of musical corpora responds to a need that is both musicological and industrial. Efficient management of musical content requires taking into account perceptual and cognitive characteristics, as well as their cultural and anthropological roots. A detailed understanding of the vectors of creativity governing musical practice is also necessary. They can be observed and analysed in the traditional universe of oral tradition, where the act of creation is not as "fixed" as in written music. Further, all traditions naturally change and evolve, and are thus creative: by definition, current creative practice is always conceived on the basis of a received heritage, which stimulates invention, rather than inhibiting it. The methodological organisation of the project is based on an interactive dialogue between anthropological survey and psychological experimentation, on the one hand, and musical analysis and cognitive modelling, on the other. A computer implementation will exploit the potential offered by the modelling and, most importantly, will generate an advanced tool for musical analysis. This tool will be conceptual, experimental and practical at the same time and will allow for the exploitation of a diversity of musical genres and knowledge. Rich in musical, cultural, pedagogical and economical potential, it will reveal the creativity associated with any given musical gesture in a formalised and systematic way by discovering new elements that are brought to collective knowledge (improvisation style, formal typologies, melodic patterns, etc.). This approach will also bring to light phenomena of cultural intermixing and the interbreeding of musical languages, as much in "art" as in "popular" music. This achievement will create a path toward a potentially new form of transcultural creativity, by bringing about an original crossbreeding between art and science, or in other words between the "spirit of geometry" and the "spirit of refinement" (Blaise Pascal).