Some food system actors are experimenting with blockchain to bring transparency to food products regarding their origins and production processes. To build transparency, all actors in a specific supply chain must share sensitive data in the blockchain. This creates an end-to-end, real-time, shared and tamperproof traceability system, from which information can be made available to consumers, but also exploited to improve the functioning and sustainability of the supply chain. Blockchain invites food supply chains to become participative, but also subject to permanent monitoring. These are unheard of conditions, and the implications for supply chain coordination, actors’ behaviour, and inter-organisational dynamics are not well understood. This JCJC project explores how blockchain transforms food supply chains to understand how to design and implement more participative, transparent, and efficient supply chains likely to contribute to the transition to more sustainable food systems.