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TRACKDEMO

TRAnsition of shoCK to DEtonation in Media with Obstacles
Funder: French National Research Agency (ANR)Project code: ANR-23-CE05-0021
Funder Contribution: 410,534 EUR

TRACKDEMO

Description

The ubiquity of H2 as a solution to decarbonize our industries raises major safety concerns related to its deployment: storage, transportation and use. Leakage scenarios from tanks may jeopardise the development of this solution to the energy transition. In confined areas, a laminar flame front, resulting from flammable mixtures of H2/O2/N2 exposed to an ignition source, often goes through an acceleration phase, which may trigger an event often associated with an abrupt escalation of this hazardous scenario: deflagration-detonation transition (DDT). This rare and intricate process is induced by several factors: presence of obstacles, development of wall-boundary layers, shock waves, etc. The controlling parameters of DDT remain an open problem. The TRACKDEMO project is a combined experimental and numerical investigation of DDT aiming to lay the foundations for its modelling in large-scale configurations. Laboratory scale investigations have highlighted that the acceleration phase creates the conditions to trigger DDT: coupling between the focusing of shock waves ahead of the flame front and the presence of reactivity gradients. This process is considerably amplified by the presence of obstacles periodically placed along the path of the reactive front. Even if realising that DDT often takes the form of a shock-to-detonation transition (SDT), studies with weak shocks devoted to this canonical configuration remain scarce. The objectives of TRACKDEMO are to: (i) study the SDT for weak shocks propagating in an obstructed channel filled with a reactive premixture, (ii) study the mechanism of formation of explosion centres following the amplification of shock waves likely to occur close to the obstacles, and (iii) propose a proper modelling of these abrupt events in an LES context, a subject very poorly addressed in the literature. The impact of the obstacle spacing and their associated blockage ratio, key parameters for the propensity to transition, have to be addressed. TRACKDEMO is therefore a combined experimental and numerical investigation of SDT in H2/O2/N2 mixtures with the following outcomes: (1) A highly instrumented experimental database of SDT results made available to the community: The database will cover a large range of shock, obstacle arrangement and mixture parameters. (2) A fundamental understanding of the controlling parameters of SDT using the DNS approach: the details of the physics governing SDT, including the combustion regimes at play, will be unveiled. (3) A carefully designed LES approach, validated against the experimental database and DNS results produced in TRACKDEMO, and suitable for the numerical investigation of SDT/DDT in large scale and complex configurations. (4) An identification of the thermo-chemical mechanisms governing quasi-detonation propagation and the sources of instabilities and velocity losses. All these expected results will be of utmost help for the transportation industry willing to implement the hydrogen solution in a safe manner.

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