The overall objective of this collaborative project is to develop, from chemistry to the device, a tissue-engineered vascular conduit that remains in-situ physiologically functional on the long term, containing the core elements of a vascular tissue. Such development will be carried out from in vitro building to in vivo evaluation in small animals. In our project, 5 partners from hospital department or academic research and 2 companies bring together their knowledge, know-how and expertise from macromolecular science, physico-chemistry of the elaboration of natural polymer systems, cellular and tissue biology, to in vivo implantation and evaluation. The material study and device design is the starting point of the project. The investigated systems result from the association of different chitosan-based hydrogels. Chitosan is a natural bioresorbable and biocompatible polysaccharide well suited for tissue engineering. Such hydrogel associations (the ChitoArts) will bring the combined mechanical and biological properties required for the application. The chitoart architectures are specifically designed as templates for tissue engineering, and in a second step will be bio-functionalized with the pertinent cell types to rebuild in a combined in vitro and in vivo approach, multilayered vascular conduits with a resulting tissue organization inspired from natural blood vessels. The methodology used here will rely on the optimization of each component of the ChitoArt architectures, in relation with coordinated in vitro and in vivo evaluations of their mechanical and biological properties.