This project aims to investigate Middle/Late Pleistocene archaeological sites in SE Britain and NW Europe, with particular emphasis on faunal evidence for environments and ages of deposition. It stems from the requirement for expertise of this type on the part of the CASE partner, Wessex Archaeology, which is engaged in providing archaeological evaluation and rescue excavation of important Quaternary Palaeolithic sites, especially in SE England, where development pressures have been high in recent times. There is a need for geo-archaeological expertise to underpin the study of the sediments in which early artefacts occur, this research field being at the interface between geology and archaeology. Wessex will provide key training in procedures and techniques of field archaeology and geoarchaeology, in particular recording, sampling and use of geographical information systems (specially adapted for archaeological use). Cambridge Zoology will provide training in analyses and identification of fossils, in particular molluscs and ostracods, both good indicators of the environment at the time of deposition and Palaeolithic occupation; both also provide important indications of salinity and therefore sea-level. Mollusc fossils can be used for dating, by analysis of changes in their amino acid content, which will assist the project by providing a chronological underpinning of the studied sequences. Durham Geography will provide training in recording and analyses of sedimentary sequences from the point of view of fluvial and other depositional processes, essential for understanding the emplacement of the river terrace sequences that host the archaeology and environmental evidence. The PhD will result in full investigation of key Palaeolithic sequences and the placing of these in an international geological and environmental context.

Advisory guidelines on archaeological data entry encourage use of controlled vocabulary but the means to achieve this are lacking. Many datasets simply have free text descriptions. Other databases employ pick lists based on major thesauri but the output is still text rather than any standard ID that other databases will employ. Links to online thesauri exist with some web based data entry systems but free text entry inevitably leads to errors of various kinds. Controlled vocabularies are not readily available in standard semantic formats and easy means to provide controlled indexing are not generally available. Data providers lack an efficient way to provide uniquely identified controlled indexing of data that is compatible with semantic technologies and standards. Knowledge Exchange (KE) activities based on enhanced vocabulary services are the focus of the proposed work. The general aim is to provide the means to encourage, but not force, data providers to use controlled types, by providing services to do this easily, together with tools for retrospective enrichment of existing datasets. The work follows on from the STAR project that developed web services and user interface widgets that will be adapted and extended to meet the user needs described in this proposal. The services and KE activities will make it significantly easier for data providers to index their data with uniquely identified (machine readable) controlled terminology - ie semantically enriched and compatible with Linked Data. A further aim is to make it easier for vocabulary providers to make their vocabularies available in this format. The project builds on the STAR/STELLAR collaboration between University of Glamorgan Hypermedia Research Unit and the Archaeology Data Service (ADS), with ADS playing a dual role as co-Investigators and users of the project outcomes. The work is in collaboration with project partners, English Heritage, who act as both vocabulary providers and users of the linked data creation and semantic enrichment services, together with RCAHMS and RCAHMW, in their role as national vocabulary standards setting bodies. Wessex Archaeology Ltd. and the Bespoke HER User Group join through their association as heritage data managers, data providers to Local Authorities and users of ADS resources. The project will employ three major vocabulary resources maintained by EH as exemplars - the Monument Types Thesaurus, the Event Types Thesaurus and the MIDAS Archaeological Periods List. These resources will be converted to standard machine readable data formats and made freely available under a suitable open licensing arrangement. It is anticipated that converting these resources into standard linked data format with unique identifiers will encourage wider use of controlled terminology by archaeology users and act as exemplar for the wider cultural heritage domain. RESTful web services will be developed for the project to make the vocabulary resources programmatically accessible and searchable. These will include provision to 'feed back' new terms (concepts) suggested by users. Summary of the main anticipated outcomes: - Freely accessible and reusable persistent vocabulary resources as linked data, the techniques to achieve this being made freely available - Web Services to SKOS representations of the vocabularies and semantic enrichment services, along with web application components - Knowledge exchange for semi-automatic tools (using the services) to facilitate retrospective semantic alignment of existing datasets - Knowledge exchange for tools to facilitate semantic enrichment (via URIs) within data entry - Mechanism for feedback of supplementary terms to augment existing vocabularies - The software developed will be available as open source.

The place where you grow up can determine your health throughout your life: those born and living in disadvantaged areas are at higher risk of poor health outcomes and reduced life opportunities. Although we know that early intervention can prevent adult health inequality there is a gap in the provision and understanding of adolescent needs within integrated care systems. This project speaks to this gap: it reimagines how we co-create and design pathways to health by placing young people (age 11-16) from deprived communities in Southampton at the heart of a network of academics, civic leaders, health professionals, NGOs, cultural organisations and young people themselves. Young people tell us that culture is important to their identities and their lives. We will work together to use culture to create alternative futures. Despite being in the so-called 'affluent south' Southampton is a place of great inequality: 1 in 5 children under the age of 16 live in low-income families and a similar proportion of the population aged under eighteen live within 10% of the most deprived areas nationally. The number of looked after children in Southampton is almost a third higher than the average in England. The effects of deprivation on young people in the city create specific health challenges which become exacerbated in the adult population. Most critically these relate to alcohol consumption, mental health, and obesity. Consultations undertaken in Southampton, as part of its bid to be UK City of Culture 2025, revealed that access to culture-based health and wellbeing opportunities for young people are widely divergent across the city. It also demonstrated that young people's understanding radically differed from that of the adult population and painted a different picture of the city - its strengths, its assets and opportunities. This project places this thinking, that challenges existing approaches and creates opportunities, at the centre as it develops innovative and creative pathways to change. We will work with young people to understand what culture is to them and how understanding culture through the eyes of young people might lead to a reconceptualisation of cultural provision within an integrated care system. We will work with young people to unlock 'hidden' or unofficial cultural assets in their communities. We will better understand which cultural assets are associated with positive and negative health behaviours, and how to support 'hidden' or unauthorised cultural assets that can foster positive community outcomes. Young people will be trained as researchers and advocates and will be placed at the centre of a consortium that includes senior researchers and non-academic partners. We will bring different services and providers together to learn from young people and from each other to develop best practice and tools for using cultural engagement to improve young people's health outcomes and life chances. The project will be guided by an experienced, balanced, transdisciplinary team representing the combination of skills and expertise needed to deliver our aims. We draw on established leaders with track records of innovation from academia, the third sector, local government, practitioners, and HIoW ICS, with a shared vision to put young people at the heart of the ICS to reduce health disparities. Together we will create a community cultural asset hub that explores new pathways to health for young people through the cultures of neighbourhoods.