The 2LIPP project will partially retrofit the Bornholm CHP plant with a scalable hybrid energy storage system consisting of three low-cost, storage technologies (novel molten hydroxide salt storage, lithium battery which is based on reused car batteries, and a flywheel, based on non-rare metals and with unprecedented lifetime), which all improve state-of-the art in their own way – also within sustainability. The technologies will be operated through an innovative management system (EMS) to charge and dispatch the hybrid storage system in the best way possible. The 2LIPP demonstration will serve as a proof-of-concept for a disruptive approach to transitioning traditional power and combined heat and power plants away from fossil fuels, while maintaining a secure supply of energy and stability of the electrical grid. The 2LIPP concept greatly reduces the costs of energy storage by reusing existing facilities at power plant sites. Also, the innovative combined operation of several technologies through the EMS allows for deployment of storage technologies in their relative ‘sweet-spots’ leading to optimal efficiencies and improves lifetimes. The low cost and high efficiency that stems from the 2LIPP approach will accelerate the availability of storage technologies and systems to bring about net zero in the electrical and heating sectors. Deploying hybrid storage with the 2LIPP concept can maintain the role of power plants as critical nodes in the grid, and enable these sites to provide grid stability at both short and long timescales, thus ensuring that Europe can integrate renewable energy without a rising risk of blackouts. The project also develops feasibility case studies for utility companies to serve possible road maps for utility companies to decide on the most viable investment for retrofitting their plants.

GAMMA features 16 of the most important innovators and disruptors in the maritime sector. GAMMA partners will design, test and validate the very best energy conversion technologies and integrate them on an ocean-going vessel on international sea / ocean routes. The main goal of GAMMA is to support commercial vessels in their energy transition by demonstrating the safe integration of fuels (biomethanol and NH3), and fuel systems (biomethanol reformer, NH3 cracker and 1MW low-temperature PEM fuel cell) to provide an Ultramax bulk carrier with substantial emissions savings by performing steam reforming and ammonia cracking instead of combusting Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (through the replacement of auxiliary engines, which will stay as a back-up). Among the objectives of the project, GAMMA will (1) successfully retrofit the vessel, (2) show that ship operations can be handled in a safe manner and (3) test the availability of the sustainable fuel value chain for maritime vessels.

The objective of GreenHyScale is to pave the way for large scale deployment of electrolysis both onshore and offshore, in line with the EU hydrogen strategy and offshore renewable energy strategy. GreenHyScale will develop a novel multi-MW alkaline electrolyser platform with factory assembled and pre-tested modules, allowing rapid onsite installation capable of reaching a CAPEX below 400 EUR/kW by the end of the 5-year project. A 6 MW module fitting into a 40-foot container will be demonstrated as the first step in the project, and lead to a minimum 100 MW electrolysis plant located in the ideal hosting environment of GreenLab Skive: a symbiotic, industrial Power-to-X platform capable of replicating across Europe with associated green growth and job creation benefits. The minimum 100 MW electrolysis plant will generate green hydrogen for 2 years from 80 MW directly connected renewables in combination with certified green electricity from a TSO grid connection. GreenLab Skive distributes green electricity from both sources through its unique SymbiosisNet which optimises and exchanges energy in all forms (heat, gas, water, heat) between the industrial park entities and external suppliers and offtakers. The setup enables the electrolysis plant to reach an overall energy efficiency above 90%. The GreenHyScale electrolysis plant will become the world's largest electrolyser system qualified as a TSO balancing services provider, thereby reducing the cost of hydrogen to below 2.85 EUR/kg for an electricity cost of 40 EUR/MWh. Besides, because of the inevitable link between offshore wind and electrolysis, an upgraded high-pressure 7.5 MW electrolysis module suited for offshore applications will be developed. GreenHyScale will form new European green value chains that support the paradigm shift to hydrogen economy and transition to green energy by overcoming both technical upscaling and commercial barriers. GreenHyScale will pave the way towards GW-scale electrolyser plants.

BalticSeaH2 will establish the first, largescale interregional hydrogen valley in Europe. BalticSeaH2 will build a main cross-border Hydrogen Valley between Finland and Estonia and connects it with local valleys in different countries surrounding the Baltic Sea. The ultimate goal is to develop an international hydrogen economy and markets that work optimally both from the technical, economic and environmental perspectives across country borders in the Northern Europe, more specifically around the Baltic Sea. The project will develop, scale and demonstrate hydrogen use in production, storage and distribution, and in Use Cases in different sectors from industry, mobility and energy. The learnings from the cross-border build-up of a hydrogen economy will be shared with specifically identified Connected Valleys and replicated across borders between them, but furthermore, shared to boost replication and initiate new hydrogen valleys across Europe. The cross border Main Valley is to be located in the region of Southern Finland – Estonia. These regions are already connected with a natural gas pipeline, transmission cable and maritime operations and the Transmission System Operators (TSO) in both countries collaborate actively in the further development of the cross border infrastructures. The cross border nature of the Main Valley makes is possible to develop cross border markets and businesses for green hydrogen production, transport and use from the start, including also development of cross border neighbouring pricing zones for renewable electricity to reach optimized system, market and business designs for an efficient hydrogen economy.

R-Aces means a step-change in the contribution of European Industry to the climate targets of the EU. The sector after all represents 25% of all energy demand – and 50% of all cooling and heating - on the continent; yet only 16% comes from renewables. By focusing on collective measures and clustering, the efficiency of industry can be drastically increased. The focus of R-Aces therefore is to turn high-potential, high-impact industrial clusters into Ecoregions that achieve at least a 10% reduction in emissions. An Ecoregion is an area where energy, material and information exchanges occur between various companies and actors to reduce waste and energy/material consumption. Each region is centered on an (eco-)industrial park or (eco-)business park, linked to its surroundings by a 4th/5th generation district heating/cooling network. The consortium sees this project as a capping stone, condensing the knowledge and experience gathered throughout H2020 into a set of three focused tools embedded in selected support actions. The tools consist of an assessment tool; legal decision support for joint contracts; and a smart energy management platform for clusters. The support actions are built around peer-to-peer learning, more formal coursework and serious games. Together they enable a cluster to really become an EcoRegion and set up meaningful energy collaboration. The entire package of tools and support is aimed at the high-potential clusters identified in the European Thermal Roadmap. It will be validated in three of them (all are part of the consortium); actively deployed in another seven; and disseminated to ninety of them. In addition, the tools and support methodology will be made available to third parties in a sustainable way after the end of this two-year project. The project consortium consists of the entire value chain needed for energy collaboration – suppliers, ESCO, cluster managers, support – and represents many years of proven experience in this field.