The SOLiD project will create a sustainable and cost-efficient pilot scale manufacturing process for a high energy density, safe and easily recyclable solid-state Li-metal battery. We will use roll-to-roll (R2R) dry extrusion coating for the blend of cathode active material, solid polymer electrolyte, and conducting additives. R2R slot die coated primers on the cathode current collector will enhance adhesion, performance and corrosion resistance of the cell. The polymer electrolyte layer will be R2R coated, using an optimal design for the slot die head. For the Li metal anode, we will utilize cost-efficient R2R pulsed laser deposition, which enables minimizing the Li thickness down to 5 µm. The Li metal production will be combined with an inline process for interfacial engineering to ensure compatibility with the other layers and stability. The process development will be supported by digitalization methods to go towards zero-defect and cost-efficient manufacturing. The proposed methods enable sustainable manufacturing of Gen. 4b solid state batteries with minimised amount of critical raw materials (Co and Li), and with superior performance and safety: The protective layers enable the use of NMC811, which reduces the amount of Co into minimum without compromising the lifetime, and PLD process helps to minimize the Li thickness. Dry coating eliminates the use of toxic solvents and energy-consuming drying steps, and the digital quality control will reduce the amount of waste. The thickness of each layer will be minimized to reach energy density above 900 Wh/l. Cost will be reduced by cost-effective production methods and by maximizing the yield. Safety and long cycle life are guaranteed by the solid electrolyte and the protective interlayers. Supported by the life-cycle thinking and stakeholder engagement, the SOLiD project will enable the design for a sustainable solid state battery factory of the future.

DIAGONAL will bring SbD knowledge and tools to a development stage which can be implemented in the MCNMs and HARNs related industries, relying on experimental (in-vitro) and modelling (in-silico) research, to study specific hazard and exposure properties that MCNMs & HARNs exhibit along their life cycle, with emphasis in the interactions between NM constituents, with other particles and the environment, as well as their release rate and fate. While hazard and exposure determination will allow gaining understanding on the MCNMs & HARNs behaviour and evolution, multi-scale modelling will answer the questions "what are they?" and "where do they go?", through novel predictors for properties estimation, resulting from additive and/or synergistic interactions between components, as well as system-dependent properties. Ultimately, the obtained results will serve as basis to provide adapted or novel risk management guidelines, ready to use SbD tools and strategies to increase nanomaterials safety, including Sustainable-by-Design considerations, and recommendations for risk governance. DIAGONAL partners are involved in current R&D projects (NMBP-12-2017, NMBP-13-2018, NMBP-14-2018, NMBP-15-2019), networks (e.g. NanoSafety Cluster and EMMC) and working groups (e.g. OECD - WPMN and BNCT). The project will establish cooperation lines with the US nanosafety research community involving a US partner and integrating renowned US institutions on its advisory board, guaranteeing resource-efficient working plans, aligned with current EU and international efforts in the nanosafety field, and facilitating the use of existing reference platforms and databases. 7 industrial cases producing or using MCNMs/HARNs will participate providing data from scaled up scenarios, validating models, and implementing the novel SbD approaches and tools developed in the project. Exploitation activities and connection with Open Innovation Test Beds will allow mainstreaming SbD among targeted industries

The main goal of SUNSHINE is to develop and implement S&SbD strategies for products enabled by multi-component (advanced) nanomaterials (MCNM), including high aspect-ratio nanomaterials (HARNs). To this end, the project will generate essential knowledge, tools and data on the exposure, hazard and functionality characteristics of these materials, especially those arising from their unique properties and interactions (e.g. mixture effects due to the multi-component nature of the materials). To facilitate the uptake and utilisation of the S&SbD strategies by industry, especially SMEs, we will deliver them as part of a user-friendly e-infrastructure designed to: (1) facilitate collaboration and information exchange between actors along nanotechnology supply chains (developers, producers, downstream users) to promote the development and implementation of S&SbD strategies for MCNM-based materials, products and processes; (2) support SMEs and large industries in the selection and application of simple, robust and cost-effective experimental, modelling and grouping/read-across approaches to acquire/generate the data needed to test the effectiveness of the S&SbD strategies; (3) enable risk-benefit analysis of the S&SbD-modified materials and products at each stage of the innovation process to ensure that they are safe for the human health and the environment without compromising their technical and/or commercial probability of success The S&SbD strategies that are effective in reducing the risks from MCNMs, while retaining product performance and economic viability, will be proposed for full scale industrial implementation. In addition, the project will contribute to Regulatory Preparedness by providing recommendations on improvement and adaptation of the current regulatory hazard, exposure and risk assessment guidance (e.g. REACH, Biocides, Consumer Products, Food and Feed, Medical Technologies) and standard guidelines (OECD, ISO, CEN) for MCNMs.