The Internet of Things (IoT) concept refers to the seamless integration of physical objects, sensors and mobile devices onto the Internet. The IoT encompasses many different technologies, services and standards and is seen by many as the cornerstone of the ICT market in the coming years. However, IoT solutions comprise more than just the hardware and software necessary to realize the technical infrastructure, as they also include the human actors, organisations, policies and regulatory systems involved. With some estimates predicting 50 billion devices by 2020, and the proportion of data collected passively through machine-to-machine transactions surpassing that actively generated by individuals - solutions are needed to strengthen trust. Using an existing community Internet of Things testbed located in the Tillydrone district of Aberdeen, we will explore what it means to realize solutions that are transparent, accountable, and which empower end-users. The TrustLens is our vision of a future toolset that will enable individuals, and the communities of which they are a part, to better understand and manage the data about them. However, before we can realize the TrustLens, several key issues need to be investigated: What are the appropriate governance arrangements covering IoT deployments? How do we deliver meaningful accountability? How can we develop an understanding of the interplay between individuals and devices, and the wider relationship to social/cultural norms? What are the attitudes of citizens and communities to privacy and risk in an IoT context? How should risks and benefits be communicated? How do users make informed decisions to judge the trustworthiness of information? Answers to these (and the many other questions that will certainly emerge) will lead us to develop prototype solutions that will be evaluated with members of the Tillydrone community. Our ambition is to create a means by which a user can review the characteristics of an IoT device in terms of its impact on their personal data, answering questions such as: What type of data is it capturing? For what purpose? Who sees it? What are the (potential) benefits and risks? They also should be able to exert a degree of control over their data, and be guided to assess its reliability and accuracy.

Animal bone reference collections are vital for the archaeological and palaeontological study of animal remains, a heritage science that can provide detailed insights into past environments, ecosystems, economies, production, crafting and human-animal relationships. These collections also have a key role to play in the field of evolutionary studies and modern conservation, as researchers explore animal adaptations and the morphological plasticity and diversity of past animal life. The historical origins of many natural history collections also offer valuable socio-historical insights into the colonial contexts in which they were initially curated. Despite digitisation, there is no substitute for physical access to comprehensive reference collections, and - due to the tactile nature of their use and to lower the costs and environmental impacts of research - geographical equity in access is paramount. In Scotland, beyond the central belt, this is currently lacking. Given their centrality to the scientific and socio-cultural study of animals past and present, it is more important than ever to conserve, curate, and study faunal bone collections, and to maximise their discoverability and accessibility. This project will draw together two collections to create an internationally valuable research resource to be managed as part of an Accredited and Recognised museum collection committed to sustainable care and access. These collections will together comprise more than 2000 specimens across all vertebrate faunal classes and form one of the country's largest Accredited museum zoo(archaeo)logical collections. The integrated collection will include internationally rare specimens and taxonomic groups from the University's Zoology Museum's collections. Initially founded in the 18th century, this collection comprises 1452 specimens of which 235 are complete skeletons. Complementing this material will be the more recently acquired archaeozoological reference collections, which includes sizeable private donations from two recently retired professional zooarchaeologists. Currently housed in the Department of Archaeology, these reference collections total 700 specimens, of which 528 are complete or partial skeletons, including large collections of birds and fish, the remainder being mainly individual skulls. While diverse taxonomic groups are represented, there is significant representation of northern species. RICHeS support will address the lack of integration between these nationally significant collections, their inadequate facilities, and want of dedicated personnel which currently hampers their access and optimal use. This bid aims to: 1. Integrate, consolidate and rehouse these collections, enhancing their physical access. 2. Manage the whole collection as part of an Accredited museum collection, so ensuring long-term sustainability and access, including online cataloguing, discoverability and wider access. 3. Hire a dedicated research technician to facilitate long-term access, expansion, curation and use. Ark of the North has been designed in conjunction with other collections, notably National Museums Scotland, Historic England and the University of Sheffield, with input from other stakeholders and potential beneficiaries. This project will therefore create an internationally valuable resource based in Northern Scotland, establishing a strong collaboration with other repositories elsewhere in the UK, facilitating novel research, fostering cross-collection partnerships, and enhancing public outreach activities.

Conventional approaches to mobility planning, based on the forecast-led paradigm, have led to unrealised expectations concerning alleviating problems such as congestion and delivering economic, social and environmental outcomes. Evidence shows plans become rapidly obsolete and lack resilience with regard to future developments. This project aims to improve Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), addressing both the movement of people and goods, through two significant new considerations: (1) Triple Access Planning (TAP) - future sustainable urban accessibility can be achieved through the transport system (physical mobility), the land-use system (spatial proximity) and the telecommunications system (digital connectivity); together constituting a Triple Access System (TAS). (2) Accommodating uncertainty - unpredictable change dynamics such as demographics, economic developments, locational choices, regulatory context, technological breakthroughs, travel demand, and stakeholder behaviour can be explicitly taken into account in the plan, in terms of development and implementation. This research project is highly collaborative and involves seven case study cities in five countries. Through a methodological approach that sequentially addresses theory, practice, design and application, TAP for uncertain futures guidance will be developed and evolved that complements existing SUMP guidelines. The project will strengthen resilience and adaptiveness in SUMPs by advancing theory and translating it into accessible, state-of-the-art, practical guidance.

The behaviour of people is known to be critical to the security of organizations across all sectors of the economy. As users of IT systems, their action, or inaction, can create cyber security vulnerabilities. For example, users can be tempted to give away their authentication credentials (by phishing), to install malign software (malware), choose weak or inadequate passwords, or they may fail to install security patches, to scan computers for viruses, or to make secure backups of critical data. Organizations design security policies which users are supposed to follow, for example, instructing them not to give away their authentication (login) credentials, or not to open certain kinds of attachments sent in unsolicited emails. However, in practice, managers find it very difficult to encourage users to follow policy. This project will investigate effective ways to improve security communications with users, to enable them to understand security risks, and to persuade them to comply with policy. Our hypothesis is that to be most effective, communications and policy implementations must take into account individual personalities and motivations. Technological support is therefore required to support security communications and security persuasion so that it can scale up to large organizations. We propose to transfer ideas and knowledge from the existing academic field of persuasive technologies and digital behaviour interventions, and apply them to the user security compliance problem. We will build, and trial, real technologies that implement persuasive strategies in real user security scenarios. These scenarios will be selected in partnership with industrial security practitioners. The project takes a broad, interdisciplinary view of the roots of the user compliance challenge, and draws additionally on expert knowledge from the fields of psychology, behavioural decision, security, sentiment analysis and argumentation in search of solutions.

Patterns of migration have changed dramatically over the last 20 years and increased freedom of movement for people living in countries once separated from western Europe by 'the iron curtain' has played an important part in this. The UK has seen new flows of migration coming from Central Eastern Europe and other parts of the former 'Soviet bloc'. Within the UK, Scotland presents a particularly interesting and distinctive case, due to: the specifics of its economic and demographic situation, related political discussion of the need for migration, and the division of responsibilities between UK and Scottish parliaments and local authorities for migration. Both the Scottish Executive and many local authorities have expressed a wish to attract and retain migrant workers. However, challenges have also been highlighted relating to demand for and adequacy of service provision. Meanwhile the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves remain little understood. This project aims to study perspectives and experiences of 'social security' amongst migrants from Central Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union in Scotland. Through its long-term and deep engagement with migrant communities, the project will deliver significant new and original empirical data. It will generate important new academic insight through its innovative synthesis of existing theoretical frameworks. Moreover, the project proposes a groundbreaking approach to developing practical and policy outcomes and solutions through the use of a participatory action research approach. A first phase of research will identify key themes and areas of concern, drawing particularly on the experiences and perspectives of migrants themselves. This will be followed by the phase of participatory action research, during which we will work directly with migrants, migrant organisations, policy makers, service providers and employers to develop practical projects addressing particular issues. The process of developing these projects will be evaluated as will their short, medium and long-term outcomes with a view to determining 'best practice' and the potential for replication in broader local, regional and national contexts. We use 'social security' to mean the ways in which migrants are able to make themselves socially, economically, personally and culturally secure in a new environment and their strategies for dealing with every day risks. The project will examine the ways in which migrants' experiences and perspectives on 'social security' affect their longer term intentions regarding settlement in Scotland. Migrants' experiences and needs differ depending on their levels of education and skill, the kinds of work they do, their language abilities, their age, which country they come from, whether they are male or female and which part of Scotland they have come to live and work in. Levels of service provision, local economic and demographic needs and local community perceptions of and responses to migration differ quite markedly between, for example, large cities and more remote rural areas. These differences also impact on migrants' experiences and aspirations. The project will pay attention to these various forms of diversity. The research will be conducted in eight locations in Scotland: two cities (Glasgow and Aberdeen) two medium-sized towns (Peterhead and Arbroath) and four more remote rural locations in Aberdeenshire and Angus. In each location, the project will explore the different kinds of resources, networks, structures and services which migrants draw on in order to make themselves materially and emotionally secure within the places where they live and work. It will also tease out which aspects and perceptions of security (economic, personal, cultural, social) are deemed particularly important by migrants and how these influence migrants' decisions to settle in a particular location, to move on, or to return to their countries of origin.