Galleries, libraries, museums and archives (GLAM) are institutions typically associated with the articulation of collective narratives on identity, culture, history and society. A retrospective examination on the global history of GLAM institutions over the past centuries reveals a diversity of dynamics, approaches, and ideas regarding their roles in producing narratives on culture and society (Poulot 1997; Crane 1997; Robinson 2012; Bennett 2013). GLAM institutions are both shaped by powers, and have traditionally expressed dominant narratives of culture and society, yet they also serve as platforms for alternative practices that seek to rebalance the public discourse on culture, identity, and history (Smith 2006). The aim of this knowledge synthesis is to bring awareness about the importance of GLAM institutions in enabling intercultural relationships. While extensive literature exists on GLAM's involvement in cultural diplomacy --focusing on enabling diplomatic relationship between states through culture and promoting narratives of friendship and shared ventures, this knowledge synthesis project focuses on bringing to light on works that help us understand how GLAM institutions have also been spaces for transnational relationships, which transcend dominant narratives and formal knowledge as well as empower minority groups through the expression of their cultural identities. Delving into transnationalism may inform policy development and shed light on the significance of GLAM's institutional and professional autonomy. The creativity that developed by GLAM at local level not only fulfils cultural policy and international cooperation objectives, but also empowers marginalized groups by nurturing their identities and supporting their international initiatives. Such a synthesis, as outlined in this project, can identify the transferable values and practices of GLAM institutions that enable intercultural relationships, bring attention to the peculiarities that are contingent on specific contexts (e.g., Canadian and UK contexts), and facilitate a critical examination of practices and open a window on the different ways in which GLAM institutions and their professional contribute to global narratives of history, culture, and identity. In doing so, this literature review will contribute to the following question outlined by the funding call: "how can educational and cultural institutions, including galleries, libraries, archives, and museums, support the flourishing of diverse cultural perspectives and practices"? The team is currently developing projects to collaborate on and establish a global research programme on GLAM and cultural transnationalism. This funding opportunity provides the necessary platform and resources for the team to conduct a thorough literature review and to test its theoretical framework. This presents a prime chance for us to capture and organize 10 years of literature on cultural transnationalism and GLAM as well as to revisit cultural diplomacy literature and see how it stands vis-à-vis transnationalism.

Summary Predicted rates of sea-level rise for the 21st century, such as those in the latest IPCC assessment, are global in scope and do not provide sufficient information for coastal residents, stake holders and planners. Several processes need to be quantified if we want to translate global sea-level predictions into practical local values. These include vertical movements of the coast, regional density changes in the ocean and worldwide ocean-surface variations produced by the Earth's changing gravity field. Information on these processes and their contributions to sea-level rise in the recent past is of great value to climate modellers, because it allows them to test and improve sea-level prediction models. Do we understand past contributions to sea-level rise? We know that some of the sea-level rise in the last 50 years has been from the melting of glaciers, small ice caps and ice sheets. Sea levels have also been rising because sea water expands as it gets warmer. Whilst these processes can account for most of the observed sea-level rise since the 1950s, we do not know what caused sea levels to rise during the first half of the 20th century. This is an important problem, because warming during the 1930s and 1940s was faster than in the last two decades. Unfortunately, direct observations of ice melt and ocean warming are not available. This project attempts to find out what happened with the Greenland Ice Sheet before the 1950s by using an indirect method: it takes advantage of a distinct global pattern of sea-level rise that would have occurred if the Greenland Ice Sheet had been melting significantly. Sea-level rise that results from polar ice melt is not evenly distributed across the globe. The explanation for this is that the gravitational field of the Earth changes its shape in response to ice melt and, as a result, sea-level rise occurs faster the further away one goes from the melting source. Melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet produces sea-level rise that increases in magnitude from north to south along the coasts of western Europe. Turning this concept on its head we can estimate how much Greenland has contributed to past sea-level rise if we can quantify this sea-level gradient. To do this, we have several long instrumental records to our disposal, some of which go back to the early 1800s, but these are located in France and Poland, near the middle of the gradient. It would be very useful to have sea-level records at both ends of the gradient, in northern Norway and southern Portugal. This project will establish past sea-level histories for northern Norway and southern Portugal from analyses of sediments preserved in salt marshes. The marshes collect mud every day when the tides come in and, over a long time, build up at approximately the same pace as sea level rises. Precise sea-level changes will be reconstructed from the analyses of small fossils (foraminifera) and precise dating of the sediments. The two sea-level records need to be combined with all available long sea-level records .Several corrections are then required before it is possible to estimate the contribution of Greenland to the observed sea-level rise pattern. Firstly, long-term land movements need to be considered, but these can be eliminated by calculating the difference between the 19th and the 20th century rates of sea-level rise in all records. Secondly, we need to account for the warming of the oceans, and for this we use data from a computer model that will be provided by colleagues. What remains after these corrections is the 'fingerprint' of Greenland ice melt. With the help of another computer model it will be possible to calculate how much of Greenland would have melted to explain the sea-level data. This information will be very valuable to climate modellers, because it helps to explain sea-level rise during the 20th century and can improve sea-level rise predictions for the 21st century.

Diminishing sea ice due to climate change is making the Arctic Ocean more accessible. As a result, marine shipping within Inuit Nunangat waters is expected to increase dramatically in coming years as natural resources and shorter transit routes between Asia, Europe and North America are exploited. While the shipping industry plays a pivotal role in supporting the economy across Inuit Nunangat, increased Arctic shipping brings various threats to natural and cultural heritage in the region. These threats, which have wide-ranging consequences for the health, well-being and livelihoods of Inuit communities, need to be assessed and mitigated. This project has been co-designed in direct response to these challenges by several Inuit organizations, Inuit communities, and academics in Canada and the UK. A combination of methods, including risk mapping, modelling of existing data, community youth training and knowledge documentation workshops, and ships of opportunity, will be used to address five main research activities designed to identify and assess practical solutions for the anticipated increase in shipping across Inuit Nunangat. The project is intentionally designed to reflect Inuit social values, Inuit Qaujisarnirmut (knowledge), and the principle of Piliriqatigiingniq, which is broadly defined as the process of respectful coming together and use of every resource, network, technology, and process available, in order to arrive at the best possible collaborative solution to a challenge. We will employ the Aajiiqatigiingniq Research Methodology (ARM), which is rooted in Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit and Inuit-specific methods for knowledge-building and meaning-making to build agreement together through group processes that are inclusive and participatory. This process enables Inuit to define what is known and collectively understood about an issue and facilitates a format for Inuit to gather, review and analyse information (e.g. scientific data, Inuit knowledge) as it is gathered (regardless of method used) to iteratively determine the relevance and impacts of new information on what is already known/understood. The project, guided by a wisdom committee, will involve scientists, community organizations, Inuit and Northern community research associates and youth, local Inuit knowledge holders, and ship operators through a series of co-learning workshops, sampling and analysis activities, and information/results sharing gatherings. We focus on five key activities that reflect the agreed upon and co-developed research objectives and these include: Activity 1) analyses of past, present, and projected future shipping traffic for Inuit Nunangat, Activity 2) investigation of underwater noise impacts on marine mammals, hunting, and (country) food security, Activity 3) measurement of ship-source air and marine pollution, Activity 4) evaluation of the introduction of non-indigenous species due to ship traffic, and Activity 5) the development of risks maps that integrate outputs from Activities 1-4 and further identification of relevant risk mitigation techniques and self-determined ocean government strategies that could deal with identified challenges. While conducting the research, we will rely on two research platforms: community-based research and ships of opportunity. These complimentary approaches will allow us to focus both on typically used shipping corridors and also to gather baseline data and comparative data between a community that has historically experienced low levels of shipping activity (i.e., Arviat, Nunavut) and a community that has experienced relatively high levels of shipping activity (i.e., Pond Inlet, Nunavut).

EPSRC : Justus Bohn : EP/L015331/1 Nonlinear optics is the study of the interaction of intense laser light with matter. Nonlinear optical phenomena enable a broad range of applications, such as telecommunications, beamshaping and all-optical data processing. However, most materials exhibit only an extremely weak optical nonlinearity, even under intense illumination. Consequently, long interaction lengths are needed for the build-up of nonlinear optical phenomena, and these interaction paths are usually obtained by using bulky material structures that are difficult to scale up and to integrate into nanophotonics systems. As a result, a long standing goal in the field of nonlinear optics has been the development of materials with very large nonlinear responses, whose optical properties can be dramatically changed with a low-power optical field. In addition, it is highly desirable that these materials possess a sub-picosecond time response to reach THz rates and are suitable for nanoscale integration through existing complementary metal- oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication technologies long established in industry. Current interest is motivated by the observation that degenerate semiconductors such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) exhibit a huge enhancement of the non-linear optical response at telecoms wavelengths. Since these initial discoveries, it has been shown that the effect can be even further increased by utilising gold antennas on an ITO layer. This has opened the door to ultrathin nonlinear systems, with greatly reduced interaction lengths allowing for better integration into nanophotonic architectures. One of the most important applications currently being addressed with ITO is all-optical beam steering. Considering the sub-picosecond response time of the material, all-optical steering has the potential to be very fast, and if workable, could provide drastic improvements to the speed of location scanning systems. Here, ITO with properly designed nano-antenna array, offer the prospect of an ultra thin, highly efficient, all-optical beam steering platform. In this joint research project we aim to design, manufacture and characterize all optically switched beam steering samples. We will develop, optimise and fabricate nonlinear devices during my stay in Ottawa, and carry out a first characterisation in air which will allow us to establish the basic nonlinear behaviour. On returning to Exeter, we will fully characterise the angular response of the switching. We hope this will be the starting point of more complex metasurface designs that enable full beam shape control.

GBA1 mutation increases PD risk by 20-30x. The UK group has established the largest published cohort of GBA1 mutation carriers with 100 followed longitudinally and has developed a protocol for their clinical and biochemical phenotyping to identify the prodromal features of PD in this genetically stratified high risk group. This application will build on the existing strong links between the applicants to increase and integrate this UK cohort with existing cohorts of GBA1 mutation carriers in Italy and Canada. Harmonised international longitudinal evaluation of GBA1 carriers in the established clinic based cohorts to determine prodromal clinical features , cognition, anxiety, depression), biochemical phenotype and identify those at high risk for conversion to PD. Genetically stratified group of individuals suitable for future clinical trials of agents targeted for those with GBA1 mutations with PD or at risk of PD.