The project ProSmallAgriMed aims to promote the rational use of beneficial soil microbiota and improve small farmer agronomic practices to enhance productivity of inter-cropped perennial (cactus pear) and short-term species (field crops and vegetables) and promote synergistic cooperation between farmers and the value chain. The optimization of such practices in water limited environments will contribute to food security by (1) enhancing carbon sequestration and ensuring soil fertility; (2) expanding land coverage in space and time, thus supporting soil conservation and water use efficiency; (3) improving yields for consumption as food, feed, or industrial transformation; (4) increasing the nutritional quality of crop products; and (5) guaranteeing water and soil quality by decreasing chemical inputs. Such goals will be pursued by stimulating smallholder associations by increasing their expert knowledge and ability to interact each other and with various actors of the value chain, and by modulating new agronomic practices to be tested in real-life field conditions. The technological transfer to Maghreb farmers of know-how in the improvement of water efficiency and use of targeted beneficial soil microbial inocula will give farmers a competitive advantage in production of high quality products and promote the establishment of start-ups specialised in the production of targeted inocula, based on indigenous beneficial soil microbes. Results will provide a model that can be extended to the sustainable production of other crops in water-limited agro-ecosystems and will be instrumental in upgrading (i) the social and economic conditions of farmers and of the countries hosting new enterprises; (ii) the ecological conditions of semiarid and arid areas, through reduction of chemical inputs, soil erosion and water loss and increased resilience to climate change; and (iii) the ability of smallholder farmers to drain important agronomic information from similar areas.

Food security is based on three pillars: quantity, quality and culture in respect of the right to food. Food and nutrition security must ensure the good coverage of nutritional requirements for health maintenance and disease prevention (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease). The prevalence of such diet-related diseases is high and increasing in the Mediterranean basin. In an area where natural resources already suffer from climate and population pressures, the agro-food systems thus more than ever have to deal with the need for quality. Based on several studies, especially the ‘Seven Countries Study’, the Mediterranean diet became a model of healthy diet to prevent coronary heart diseases. However, although many Mediterranean products are available, their share in the population’s diet has impressively dropped during the last decades. A good coverage of nutrient requirements is based on foods with a high nutritional density that can be attained by a higher consumption of diverse Mediterranean traditional foods. In the current context of widespread consumption of energy-dense/nutrient-poor foods, a valorisation of the nutritional qualities of Mediterranean foods becomes an important issue for the agro-food system. Besides nutritional quality, foods include many other dimensions such as hedonism, convenience, safety, plus environmental and social requirements, and all are important to integrate in order to achieve sustainable food systems capable of sustaining food security and health. Our project addresses the following questions: how to ensure quantitative and qualitative food security in the Mediterranean countries? What would be the impacts on the organization of food chains, from the distribution up to the production sector? How to keep a place for locally produced traditional Mediterranean foods in a context of strong urbanization and globalization of the agro-food trade? Medina project is based on the idea that the food supply is a major determinant of the consumption behaviours. From there, the objective of the project is to build scenarios and propose solutions to maximise agro-food chains’ contribution to human health and nutrition in a sustainable way. The first originality of Medina project is the “fork to farm” approach. We propose to work on existing data from surveys obtained in three contrasted areas in terms of food systems and consumption behaviours: South-East of France (the Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur regions), the ‘Greater Tunis’ metropolis urban zone and the ‘Sidi Bouzid’ rural area in central Tunisia. Other data will be generated on foods (nutritional quality, prices, carbon and water footprints) and on food chain systems (socio-economical data). The second originality is the use of combination of modelling tools (linear programming and computable general equilibrium models) to integrate collected data and generates scenarios. To achieve our objective, Medina consortium was built to get a multidisciplinary expertise in nutrition, food science, agronomy and economy. The project is divided into 4 main tasks: (T1) data collection on food consumption and characterization: extraction of existing data, generation of primary data, harmonization and aggregation for use in models (T2) model building for integration (T3) analysis of food chains for nutritional added value at various stages (T4) data integration and elaboration of scenarios and feasible solutions for better nutrition and health in the different situations. Finally, we propose to disseminate results to target groups (international scientific community; economic stakeholders along the food chains, agriculture, food and health policy and decision makers, the general public, higher education institutes).