Precision laser processing has much potential for advanced manufacturing. Features can be machined at a fraction of a micrometre in size in a wide range of materials. The use of ultrashort laser pulses (with duration less than a picosecond) is important since all of the laser pulse energy is delivered to the focus in a timescale shorter than that for thermal diffusion. Therefore, all the material machining is done before any energy can escape as heat, which underpins the high resolution of the technique. Ultrashort laser pulses provide other unique opportunities, since they can be used for three-dimensional fabrication inside transparent materials, with a range of applications for smart technology. Such precision laser processing is already applied on an industrial scale, with examples such as accurate cutting of glass for smartphones or multi-dimensional data storage. With a constant drive for miniaturisation and enhanced functionality, the sector is destined to blossom over the next decade. The ability to fabricate features at the sub-micrometre scale presents many opportunities for advanced technology. However, accurate positioning of such small features in three dimensions inside centimetre scale workpieces creates a serious challenge. Machine vision uses imaging solutions integrated inside the manufacturing system to provide feedback for the laser process to ensure that the device is machined as designed. However, existing hardware and software systems cannot meet the challenging demands of such high precision laser processing. In this project, we develop new hardware and software solutions that will enable rapid three-dimensional imaging at high resolution. We also introduce new systems that can provide a macroscopic view of the entire device being processed. Additionally we establish innovative forms of optical feedback that can be applied to closely monitor the laser manufacturing process. All of this information is merged together inside a cohesive software framework, that can provide quick data transfer of important information to the laser manufacturing system. This enables quicker, more accurate laser processing of smaller features in demanding applications, to enable industrial scale manufacturing of advanced technology.

Increasingly conventional materials are not able to meet the performance levels required by new technologies. We need new materials with combinations of extraordinary properties that enable scientists and technologists to achieve the otherwise impossible. Diamond is one such super-material, which can be synthesized with ever-increasing control over the exploitable properties. The synthesis of diamond is currently an area where the UK leads the world. Examples of applications include exploitation of (i) ultra/isotopically pure diamond for quantum, photonic and electronic technologies including diamonds functionalised with ensembles of nitrogen-vacancy defects for magnetic imaging of living cells, magnetic navigation and solid-state masers; (ii) heavily boron-doped diamond for electrochemical sensing (in both hostile and biological environments) and water treatment; (iii) large diamond optical elements for next-generation lasers where diamond is an active intra-cavity element rather than just a window; (iv) polycrystalline diamond for acoustic and for thermal management applications ranging from power electronics to 5G communications. Seizing the scientific and commercial opportunities of Diamond Science and Technology (DST) and staying ahead of stiff global competition, requires coordinated research at TRL 1-3, capture and protection of UK generated IP and researchers who can tackle multi-disciplinary challenges head-on. The proposed Prosperity Partnership would ensure that the UK's scientific and technological lead in DST is not eroded. The programme of research and collaboration is split into three work-packages (WPs). WP1 focusses on the synthesis, characterisation, and exploitation of perfect diamond in which the maximum exploitable properties are unleashed because deleterious impurities and defects which cause problematic strain are removed. Larger-area single crystal CVD diamond will be grown since diamond's immense potential is limited in many application areas by the small sizes currently available. Functionalised diamond will also be produced where the useful defects have been controllably introduced. WP2 concentrates on the development of processing, functionalisation, and integration technologies for diamond. Growing the diamond is not enough: we have to develop the tool kit that enables processing of diamond into the desired geometrical structure, integration with other materials and suitable packaging that in no way limits performance advantages. WP3 addresses the challenge of quality assurance such that end users know that the packaged material properties meet their requirements, and that the material can be reproducibly produced at a reasonable cost. Also, in WP3 we will produce proof of concept devices that show the potential and seed new product development. The project outcomes will include new materials with improved and tailored properties, new science enabled by enhanced intrinsic properties and the ability to manufacture innovative diamond devices. The significant impacts of the work will be in the new materials and processes demonstrated, increased confidence in others to exploit diamond because we have established a complete diamond supply chain (from production of the material to integration in devices, whilst still retaining the required properties) and the commercialisation of the breakthroughs by partner companies. The new scientific understanding generated by the research will allow us to create innovative and disruptive technologies: we are focused on maximizing the impact of this research and technology development to the greatest benefit of our society. The deliverables of our research programme address many of the major challenges facing us today and we will, in collaboration with the Centre for Doctoral Training in DST, promote the impact of DST research (and STEM in general) via a number of outreach activities. We will actively embrace, at all levels, equality, diversity and inclusion.

The project aims to create a new Hub that will act as a national gateway for Advanced Metrology, engaging with UK industry to co-create and co-deliver frontier and innovative research and technologies, and with policy makers and scientific leaders, to drive future UK manufacturing excellence with a clear emphasis on sustainability. The Hub will have environmental and economic sustainability embedded throughout its programme, both in terms of prioritising industry challenges that the research will address, and within the operational delivery. One of the largest challenges in improving sustainability in manufacturing is the availability of the actionable information that is essential to both improve existing processes to reduce waste, and to enable new processes and methods that significantly enhance resource efficiency through reduced energy usage, material reuse and recycling, and reduced transportation (as a result of supply-chain efficiency). By delivering a future where pervasive metrology systems sense, monitor and control manufacturing systems to self-optimise, we will realise the connected and autonomous systems critical for achieving net zero. Delivering these advances requires the development of manufacturing systems that cannot be realised without a new integrated paradigm in metrology, embracing ultra-fast and compact sensors, distributed artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, and autonomous prognostics control systems far beyond the current state-of-the-art. Hence, the Hub's research programme will be structured around three underpinning research themes to address three Key Research Objectives: Create and apply new sensor technologies incorporating nanophotonics/quantum sensing principles combined with photonic edge computing to realise high-precision ultra-fast, ultra-compact, and low-cost sensors/instruments within smart manufacturing processes and systems. Create and apply new resilient and interpretable metrology aimed at capturing actionable information for sustainable manufacturing. Unify whole system autonomous control for sustainability in manufacturing machinery systems, which optimises process, energy use and resource efficiency in complex systems at the design state and through life. When combined, these objectives will deliver universal 'measurement/analysis/control' solutions for early adoption to address sustainable manufacturing challenges. Five priority areas have been identified to demonstrate new metrology technologies and methods; sustainable and connected machinery, zero carbon transport, clean energy systems, semiconductors, and manufacturing reuse. The programme will develop and demonstrate new metrology technologies and methods with clear applications in these sectors. This will be achieved working closely with metrology equipment/software/service providers, manufacturing systems providers, and with manufacturing end-users, supported closely by partners across the UK Catapult network and national and international standardisation bodies. The Hub comprises a substantial consortium, led by the Centre for Precision Technologies at Huddersfield. Initial research spokes will be based at Heriot-Watt, Oxford, Queens (Belfast) and Southampton universities, with Innovation Spokes at The Manufacturing Technologies Centre (MTC) and the Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC), and a hybrid Research/Innovation Spoke at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). Over 25 industrial partners were involved in co-creating the Hub and will be working with the research team to support, delivery and accelerate commercialisation of research outcomes via sponsored research projects, knowledge exchange, technology transfer (IP licensing and spin-out), and training/skills development.