Gaining students’ attention by presenting Nobel Prize winning ideas and offering activities using technology and everyday life is seen as one of the key ways to stimulate students and contribute to the discovery of the next generation of innovators. The project aims can only be accomplished with the full collaboration and engagement of teachers and their schools. The Frontiers project consortium, coordinated by Dublin City University included partners from Ireland, Greece, Italy, France and Portugal. Five project outputs included:1.Select a series of scientific research outreach programmes that successfully introduce the scientific methodology in school science education, by utilizing existing research infrastructures of frontier research institutions enriched with online tools (data analysis tools, simulations & games) and web-interactive educational material (O1). 2.Integrate these initiatives under a common educational approach and develop the FRONTIERS Demonstrators that could be exploited and widely used from the educational communities in Europe and beyond (O2). 3.Create virtual learning communities of educators, students and researchers and involve them in extended episodes of playful learning. The proposed project will involve teachers, students and researchers in collaborative learning activities. The development of the virtual learning community will be enhanced by the FRONTIERS Community Support Environment (O3). 4.Systematic validate the proposed approaches and activities in order to identify their impact in terms of the effectiveness and efficiency. The project will be implemented in schools, science teacher training centres, and research centres in different countries and a detailed evaluation report will be prepared (O4).5.Design and implement a systematic raising awareness strategy that will contribute to the effective communication of the project’s results and outcomes. A devoted Tool Kit (O5) will be developed that will be uploaded to the eTwinning collaboration space to act as a starting point for numerous collaborative projects between schools.The main results from the proposed project included the following: • The creation of 21 FRONTIERS inquiry based and technology enhanced demonstrators, a series of innovative educational activities in the fields of High Energy Physics, Astroparticle Physics, Astrophysics and Gravitational Wave Astronomy. The demonstrators were developed by experts and translated into 5 languages (English, Greek, French, Italian, Portuguese). Educators can utilize the educational resources on the Frontiers website at (http://www.frontiers-project.eu/frontiers-educational-resources) and then link to the full demonstrators on OSOS . • The creation of 20 educational activities by teachers who attended the Frontiers international teacher training events. The educational activities are linked to the school curricula (http://www.frontiers-project.eu/frontiers-educational-resources).• FRONTIERS Community, the following online FRONTIERS Project resources have been utilised Facebook, Website, Open Schools for Open Societies Platform, Summer and Winter Schools, Google Classroom.• To mobilise 1,000 teachers within the framework of the project. It has been demonstrated, through the range of activities and platforms employed by the project to engage and mobilise teachers (Output 4), the consortium has mobilised well in excess of the target figure. • 15 multiplier workshop events were held by the project partner countries (Ireland, Greece, Italy, France and Portugal). 303 workshop participants• International Summer and Winters schools, 277 participants fully completed the International e-Schools so far, with many others joining for virtual visits hosted as part of the e-School events. This group of teachers who have been engaged, trained and supported in integrating Nobel prize winning physics into their classes, is evidence of the active FRONTIERS Community of motivated teachers of physics across the EU and beyond.• 8 Masterclass events were organised by IASA, held both in-person and virtually, 405 students and 71 teachers took part.• 1,100 students and 192 teachers took part in 11 virtual visits, allowing access to real-world physics experiments and the research scientists that work there.• The student mobilisation was 10,000. This is based on the given ratio that the mobilisation of 1 teacher would deliver the mobilisation of 10 students. This equivalence is arrived at as teachers employ resources and training with students in the classroom, at a minimum of 10:1. As the FRONTIERS project achieved its goal of mobilising over the stated goal of 1,000 teachers, it can be stated that the project also achieved its stated aim of mobilising over 10,000 students. • The FRONTIERS Tool-Kit “Effective Ways of Introducing frontier science in Schools”, is available as Output 5 and through the etwinning collaboration space to all European schools.

ESCAPE (European Science Cluster of Astronomy & Particle physics ESFRI research infrastructures) aims to address the Open Science challenges shared by ESFRI facilities (SKA, CTA, KM3Net, EST, ELT, HL-LHC, FAIR) as well as other pan-European research infrastructures (CERN, ESO, JIVE) in astronomy and particle physics. ESCAPE actions will be focused on developing solutions for the large data sets handled by the ESFRI facilities. These solutions shall: i) connect ESFRI projects to EOSC ensuring integration of data and tools; ii) foster common approaches to implement open-data stewardship; iii) establish interoperability within EOSC as an integrated multi-messenger facility for fundamental science. To accomplish these objectives ESCAPE will unite astrophysics and particle physics communities with proven expertise in computing and data management by setting up a data infrastructure beyond the current state-of-the-art in support of the FAIR principles. These joint efforts are expected result into a data-lake infrastructure as cloud open-science analysis facility linked with the EOSC. ESCAPE supports already existing infrastructure such as astronomy Virtual Observatory to connect with the EOSC. With the commitment from various ESFRI projects in the cluster, ESCAPE will develop and integrate the EOSC catalogue with a dedicated catalogue of open source analysis software. This catalogue will provide researchers across the disciplines with new software tools and services developed by astronomy and particle physics community. Through this catalogue ESCAPE will strive to cater researchers with consistent access to an integrated open-science platform for data-analysis workflows. As a result, a large community “foundation” approach for cross-fertilisation and continuous development will be strengthened. ESCAPE has the ambition to be a flagship for scientific and societal impact that the EOSC can deliver.

Since the first detection of gravitational waves in 2015 and the multi-messenger observation of a binary neutron star merger in 2017, gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has advanced rapidly, delivering groundbreaking discoveries in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. The international GW network—LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA—has detected over 200 sources, with ongoing upgrades to enhance sensitivity and astrophysical reach. Future next-generation observatories, including the Einstein Telescope in Europe and Cosmic Explorer in the U.S., are set to begin operations beyond 2035. The Einstein Telescope will detect hundreds of thousands of compact-object mergers up to redshifts of a few tens, enabling precise measurements of the Hubble constant (H₀) and dark energy parameters, searches for dark matter candidates, new GW sources like spinning neutron stars and supernovae, and detailed mapping of compact-object mass distributions. Multi-messenger observations will further enrich our understanding of the universe. The GRAVITY project fosters international collaborations on key experimental advancements for future detectors, including cryogenic techniques for thermal noise reduction, quantum noise suppression, and fused-silica-based suspensions. It will also focus on detector characterization, glitch identification, advanced data-analysis algorithms, and interdisciplinary data interpretation. A crucial aspect is the transfer of knowledge to private companies, driving innovation in precision optics, quantum technologies, and advanced materials. These collaborations will enhance detector performance and create broader technological applications, benefiting both science and industry. Gravitational-wave science, bridging classical physics, general relativity, and quantum mechanics, is also a powerful tool for outreach and education. Alongside cutting-edge research, GRAVITY will engage in educational initiatives and public outreach to inspire future generations.