OLICOW aims to significantly improve capabilities to analyse and predict crowd behaviour in public areas. Crowd observation and simulation problems have been historically addressed separately by different scientific communities, and attempts to couple them are recent, have been performed offline so far, and are not yet operational for accurate real-time analysis and prediction of realistic crowd systems. OLICOW aims at designing a new generation of data-driven crowd simulation models, opening new capabilities for assimilating crowd tracking data in real-time. Besides cameras, we will rely on additional novel sensing technologies and we will investigate up to what extent personal privacy, in the strict legal sense, may be upheld when faced with algorithms able to exploit complex correlations in multi-modal data. Our progress will allow for a more effective use of new families of sensors and facilitate crowd studies, which raise nowadays increasing questioning from the general public.

The mineral and isotopic composition, and the 3D spatial distribution of asteroid constituents are key parameters to understand the physico-chemical processes operating in the protoplanetary disk and/or in the asteroidal parent bodies all along Solar System history. The sample return missions Hayabusa2/JAXA and OSIRIS-REx/NASA targeted two small and dark near-Earth objects: C-type Ryugu and B-type Bennu (R&B). The main goal of this project is to significantly advance the knowledge and understanding of the origin and evolution of R&B and their primary parent bodies, by studying their returned samples in the laboratory. This will be achieved by combining: i/ some of the most advanced in-situ analytical techniques on selected R&B materials, to reveal their structure and their mineral and isotopic composition; ii/ a multi-scale approach that links the nm-µm lab measurements to remote asteroid observations; iii/ analyses/experiments on meteorites, IDPs and analogs to support the interpretation of R&B data. A multi-analytical sequence will be used, from less destructive (e.g., spectroscopy) to more destructive (e.g., NanoSIMS or TEM) techniques, with the main goal of maximizing the scientific outcomes and minimizing sample loss. The consortium brings together scientists from four French laboratories (IAS, UMET, IMPMC, IPAG) with different backgrounds (astro- and cosmo-chemists, astrophysicists, astronomers, geologists, physicists). They have already participated in the study of samples from Stardust (NASA) and Hayabusa (JAXA), are now part of four Hayabusa2 preliminary examination teams, and have past experience of fruitful collaboration. Our analyzes will elucidate the formation of R&B, their protoplanetary heritage, and post-accretion evolution, in particular aqueous and surface alteration. They will contribute to the more general effort to understand the origin and evolution of matter in planetary systems.

SUBLIME investigates the recent shift affecting the cornerstone of the Welfare States in the MENA : the universal subsidies on food and energy. The two waves of uprisings in the region – 2011 and 2019 – have made social justice a central issue. In this context, international donors and new regimes called for the renewal of ‘social contracts’ and pushed for the removal of subsidies and their replacement with targeted cash transfer programs. However, the lift of subsidies is a crucial political-economic dilemma, as it causes price increases on basic commodities and raises the risk of new revolts. In the eyes of policy-makers, but also of many scholars, subsidies appear as an instrument of political subordination that produces consent among citizens who would resign themselves to an authoritarian but protective order – and symmetrically would be likely to rebel if prices were to soar. Our project reverses this argument, and hypothesizes, rather, that the lift of subsidies produces political subjectivation not because it supposedly triggers food or fuel riots, but because it unveils the political struggles and relations that shape the complex socio-economic and bureaucratic supply-chains forming the subsidy systems. The lift of subsidies brings about multiple modifications in those chains that generate ambivalent political debates, sectorial mobilizations and new imbricated layers of welfare in which citizens are caught. Our project provides the first systematic, empirically grounded and comparative political sociology of subsidies in four post-uprising societies where this reform is on-going (Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria and Lebanon). Mixing complementary methods (archival research, mapping, quantitative dataset, qualitative surveys, ethnographic fieldworks), and gathering experienced field researchers and 3 PhD/Post-doc, the project excavates the social embeddedness of subsidies and the transformations of state-citizens relationships caused by their lift.

Technological advances and development of sophisticated functions in mobile devices led to new usages and dependencies. Mobile phones are often a key factor in criminal cases, intrusions, intellectual property theft, security threats, and more. The data stored in these devices may contain critical evidence associated with the above-mentioned crimes. The latest generation of devices incorporate new security features and encryption schemes to "protect" the device and its associated user data. The other side of the coin is that the rapid processing of critical evidence by various information retrieval techniques is slowed down, if not made impossible. The mobile device forensics field is a challenging area for forensic analysts, particularly given the increasing number of data encryption mechanisms. The EXFILES project aims to provide law enforcement agencies (LEAs) with new tools to extract data and associated evidence from these devices in strict legal contexts. A unique consortium of five LEAs, universities and cyber security companies from the EU have joined forces to address these challenges. Together, they defined three areas of work on technical data extraction techniques, namely software exploitation, hardware methods and combined methods. In addition, tools and methods inspired by other areas of information security (e.g. security assessments based on common criteria) will lead to new judicial methods of accessing data for lawful investigations. Another unique dimension of EXFILES is the clear focus on the ethical and legal aspects of research and exploitation as well as dissemination and training activities for the next generation of forensic experts. The main objective of EXFILES project is to improve Law Enforcement Agencies techniques and methods, to extract digital evidence from modern encrypted smartphones used by criminals based on holistic approach (both software and hardware).