TRUST focuses on personal data protection measures to meet the objectives of the RGPD but also the texts in preparation such as the "Data Act" or the "Data Governance Act". We propose to study and develop new security solutions, based on advanced cryptography, for use cases involving the reuse of personal data. These use cases will present various configurations in terms of actors, type of data and processing, opening the way to different technical and legal issues. We thus seek to anticipate legal evolutions and prepare technical architectures to allow the reuse of personal data in compliance with the various legal frameworks.

Automatic image interpretation has been an active field of research for several years. In this large field, this project focuses on extracting high level information from images or video sequences, when the detection and recognition of structures can benefit from prior structural knowledge (such as spatial interactions). This is in particular the case in video sequences related to a specific context (sport events for instance), in medical imaging (using anatomical knowledge), or in aerial and satellite imaging (man made structures such as airports and towns for instance). The main objective of this project is thus to extract, analyze and interpret the content (including dynamic content) of visual information supports using structural knowledge and reasoning tools, in order to enrich the visual information with semantics. The breakthrough in this project, at the cross-road of logic-based knowledge representation and reasoning, uncertainty management and spatial reasoning, is to develop a unified lattice-based theory for spatial reasoning under uncertainty with the aim of semantic image interpretation. Based on the general framework of complete lattices and on mathematical morphology, we propose, by exploiting the power of Formal Concept Analysis tools, to extend Description Logics with non-monotonic reasoning tools and with a greater ability to represent complex structural knowledge such as those involved in scene understanding. Furthermore, this proposed new unified framework is intended to represent a priori knowledge in an operational way for image interpretation and to provide reasoning tools which combine imprecise and uncertain logical and numerical reasoning, hence addressing the challenging problem of bridging the gap between symbolic representations and real data. Another original contribution of this project is to introduce bipolarity to handle positive and negative information in the framework. Two other important scientific issues are also addressed in this proposal: dynamic knowledge representation and reasoning in order to consider knowledge as a matter of belief that can evolve both in time and space, and the study of the potential of graph based representations and grammars to model and to solve the computational problem of structural scene recognition in images. The originality of the proposal is not only to provide and develop theoretically this new qualitative and quantitative framework for image interpretation but also to apply and to evaluate it on real data.

Interaction in Virtual Reality is mainly conducted through embodied actions in 3D space (e.g., walking, pointing). Literature in the field of Human-Computer Interaction established the concept of persuasive design which is a practice to influence (nudge) a user’s behavior towards a certain action. This project aims to create a fundamental understanding of (1) the degree to which a user’s physical actions can be influenced in VR using interaction design, (2) the techniques that can be used to nudge a user to perform risky and potentially harmful actions (e.g., collision) and (3) how to design a safety mechanism that is able to protect the user appropriately. The project will use HCI methods leading to the design, implementation and evaluation of multiple interactions and prototypes for current VR HMDs. Results will demonstrate (a) a set of interactions that are able to nudge an immersed user (b) a set of potential risky behavior and (c) a set of requirements for a new safety mechanism.

The goal of this project is to build intelligent players that can learn and represent in a symbolic way strategies for playing games while considering different perspectives starting from “winning the game” to “being ethical”. To do so, agents will reason at first about the rules governing the games and second about prior knowledge about strategies. The agents will then be able to either (i) elaborate strategies by guiding the exploration of strategic moves or (ii) to adapt and refine existing strategies. Main benefit is that by mixing learning and reasoning, players can explain how they play; this is a critical issue for going further on building trustworthy AI.

Our project aims at proposing theoretically and demonstrating experimentally quantum computation protocols in the optical domain. Quantum information is a pluridisciplinary field of research whose goal is to benefit from the specific properties of quantum mechanics to provide original communication and calculation protocols. These protocols can provide for instance security advantages or computational speed-up. While quantum computation is very promising, it still lacks a clear roadmap to perform relevant calculations, that is calculations undoable on classical computers. We propose here to benefit from the skills of two communities, namely physicists and computer scientists, to explore the advantages of a specific computation protocol, Measurement-Based Quantum Computing (MBQC), using the frequency spectrum of light. MBQC is based on the availability of a large, multipartite entangled state on which a series of measurements are performed. For each operation to implement, a specific entangled state as well as a specific measurement order are used. The output of the computation is given by a set of one or more qubits which are to be measured in the end. The advantage of this protocol lies mainly on the absence of requirement of two qubits gates, which are probably the hardest to implement faithfully experimentally. The difficulty then lies mainly in producing a suitable entangled state. The solution which will be studied in this project uses the frequency spectrum of light beams produced by parametric down-conversion. Parametric down-conversion, a nonlinear optical process by which a pump field is split in two coherent fields, is well known to produce nonclassical states of light. In particular, within an optical cavity, entangled beams are produced. We will base our study on parametric down conversion occurring in an optical cavity pumped by a femtosecond frequency comb. We will not consider standard variables, like polarization or intensity, but rather field quadratures of different frequency component of the light spectrum. Indeed, it can be shown that, while the standard variables can be described by bipartite entanglement, multipartite entanglement can be produced in both regimes in the frequency spectrum. This system produces multipartite entanglement which is the key ingredient for MBQC. The advantage of using the frequency spectrum of short light pulses is that it can involve hundreds of thousands of frequency components that are mutually coherent at the classical level and that are likely to be entangled at the quantum level, which makes the scalability to many qubits an easier task than in other possible schemes that are presently under study. The goal of this project is to determine and demonstrate how such entangled states can be used in a way that puts in evidence an advantage of the MBQC approach over the standard quantum circuit model in terms of the number of operations for instance. This goal is relevant both in the physics community where this model is little explored for the moment and in the computer science community where the difference of the MBQC and quantum circuit models are not yet fully quantified and demonstrated. Reaching this ambitious objective requires several steps. Firstly, there is a need to devise proper measurements schemes which can detect the multipartite entanglement present in such states and in particular characterize its dimensionality. Indeed, one of the crucial aspects of this project lies in the number of modes which can be entangled. Then we will show that we are able to tailor at will such a multimode entangled state. Once these steps have been taken, we will design and then implement basic quantum operations such as Fourier transform. Finally, we will tackle the more ambitious part of the project that is demonstrating a protocol with a clear advantage of MBQC protocols over the standard circuit model.