This project aims to study on a diachronic way (through Middle and Modern ages), the different original forms of Christianity that were to be found in the « border territories », located on political, religious and linguistic borders, i.e. the lotharingians territories, later on called during the Middle Ages the « inbetween lands » (from the North Sea to Savoy). This territories, along with the Milanese, formed the « catholic Ridge » during the modern era (the border of the catholic influence, between the Protestants in the east and the Catholics in the West). These specificities were asserted often by the historians, but rarely demonstrated, if it is not by case studies. The objective thus is to rethink the explanatory causes and the processes of such a multiplicity and variety of religious experiments, as well as their spread, their successes or failures, while highlighting more efficiently what is due to the circumstances and what is to be credited to the structural phenomenons, linked to the political and religious specificities of these regions. To cover this space and assure a really comparative and transverse approach, an international consortium with 7 historian research teams was established : 4 French teams (the CRULH of Lorraine – coordinator –, the LARHRA of Lyon, the LSH of Besançon, the CREHS of Arras) and 3 foreigners (Transitions of Liège, Institute of history of the University of Luxembourg, History Department of Università degli Studi of Milan). All in all, 37 people are committed in the project, which concerns essentially the history but also assures openings towards the art history and the musicology, to deal with the evolution of the liturgical practices : 12 medievalists, 21 modernists, 2 art historians, 2 musicologists. Given the tremendous size of the region and of the period to be studied, the project will focus on a comparative study of three main topics, by using in particular the methods of the historic anthropology, the gender studies, the prosopography : • The commitment of religious women (specificity of the feminine vocations ; the relations with the male management of the churches ; the feminine writings) : organization of three rounds tables and a final colloquium, with publication of the acts in the form of common synthesis ; three volumes of editions of texts ; on-line publishing and digitalizations of texts ; constitution of a database on these communities. • The pastoral models (episcopal models, formation and skills of the bishops, the organization of the diocesan staff, the legal or liturgical norms’ production, « clericalization » of the Protestant ministers) : organization of three round tables and a final colloquium with publication of the acts ; constitution of a prosopographical database on the episcopal staff (14th-17th c.). • Devotions and politics (promotion and spread of the devotional practices : specific ways of the Marian worship, « political » saints, specific devotion to the angels) : organization of two round tables and a final colloquium with publication of the acts ; one exhibition with realization of a catalog (Museum of sacred art from Fourvière in Lyon) ; on-line edition of an inventory of the editions of a devotion book, "best-seller" during two centuries in the considered region. All the works will give rise to the production of a web site and a global synthesis in the form of a book-atlas, which will contain hundred maps accompanied with long recapitulative notes and with iconography.

In the Ninth Century, the rich Arabic tradition of adab finds its way to Spain, in al-Andalus, which then played a central role in knowledge exchange from the Orient and then relayed to the West, by monasteries from the North of the Iberian Peninsula in the 11th and 12th C. In al-Andalus, the adab literature meets the Jewish sapiential tradition of the midrashic literature. New collections are composed, including original works in the 10th and 11th centuries and from the 12th century on, exempla and philosophers’ sayings are translated into Hebrew, Latin, and Romance languages. Much of this complex heritage is found in the extensive Spanish paremiological literature, which is at its highest in the 16th and 17th centuries, and in current Spanish, Judeo-Spanish and Maghrebian collections of proverbs. Although the main lines of these exchanges are known, we lack specific information on the circulation of these short sapiential statements (our basic research unit), on the successive translating choices made by the translators, the cultural reinterpretations, or the weight of a borrowing over another. If sapiential textual filiations and translation sequences should be treated cautiously, this is particularly true for the sapiential statements contained in these texts. Due to the difficulty of understanding them, these volatile elements, whose categorization varies with time and considered cultures, have never been subject to overall textual studies, which would recount their sources, circulation and evolution through the different spoken or written languages by the three cultures within the Iberian Peninsula, during the Middle-Ages. The paremiological studies have principally produced compilations of proverbs (thesauri); editions; erudite studies dedicated to a single work, a single language or a single culture, except for D. Gutas’ remarkable groundbreaking work on the Philosophical Quartet (1975). The few existing databases take into account contemporary “paremiae” corpora, most often unilingual or with a traductology perspective. Therefore, the aim of the ALIENTO project is to calculate matches even when partial, close or distant connections in order to reassess inter-textual relations by comparing a great quantity of data and intersecting encoded texts written in different languages. This I why the project, which needs a close interdisciplinary collaboration between computational researchers (ATILF) and the linguists and specialists of literature (MSH Lorraine + INALCO and the international network of collaborators), will develop a computational software transferable to other similar texts using a large corpus of reference composed of 8 related texts which circulated in the Iberian Peninsula (in Latin, Arabic, Hebrew, Spanish and Catalan), representing 582 pages for a number of sapiential statements evaluated at 9,570 units. The developed software will extract and connect brief sapiential units through matching generated by the specific encoding system elaborated scientifically and written in an encoding manual XML-TEI. The choice and the type of annotations used result from a collaborative reflexion between the members of the project, specialists of linguistic paremiology, ancient texts, design engineers of textual databases, computational researchers during special scientific sessions. It will evolve in a collaborative manner during the matching processes. At the end we will have: - a body of texts belonging to a multilingual corpus, digitized, tagged in XML/TEI and publicly accessible, linked to a set of data on the text and its author. - a set of brief sapiential units with their XML/TEI annotations, accessible free of charge. - a trilingual questioning interface, making it possible to display the matched statements contained in these works, with information which can be used to study them regardless of the language. - an encoding methodology and a software for matching data transferable to other similar corpora.

With the creation of a new database my project aims to transform the scope of analysis of the art markets studies which to this day address only partial aspects, focusing on the market for paintings or “fine arts”. In fact the art market is vast and consists in great part in the sale of objects. To develop a global approach, inclusive of objects, I propose to build-up a specifically designed database, accessible on the internet. It would provide new data, from archives unexplored to this day, compiled with other scattered sources, opening to new perspectives of research scholars world-wide, bringing interdisciplinary studies through art history. Art market history is an essential addition to art history, opening up to interdisciplinary studies, crossing art with economics, urban, social history and sociology. Investigating trajectories of works, construction of price and dynamics of circulation are central in these studies and now digital methods have developed, they transform the scope of analysis. As such, the French project ARTL@S created BASART and GEOMAP to examine the channels and networks that make up the market for fine arts. Founded in the1980s The Getty Provenance Index is the pioneering database to research the history of individual works through the European market and across time (prices, collectors, dealers, provenance) but, again, it is limited to pictures and nothing comparable has been done for other artistic objects, designated as decorative arts. Separating the data relative to the pictures’ sales from other goods has been detrimental to the history of taste and the history of art. This database will be a new instrument to explore markets and trajectory of objects such as furniture, ceramics, clocks etc. over a long time period (1700-2000). It will be built for specific searches on objects / sales / sellers / buyers / places to answer questions relative to provenance, circulation, collections, expertise and trade, but also to offer broader analysis and global perspective on the market. It will be incomparable to the scattered pieces of information found in publications and will have a great impact on future scholarly research in the fields. The data will be input from historic auction sales over a long period (1700-2000), in cross-referencing auction catalogues and auction records and archives. The first core of the data will come from the unexploited handwritten sales reports of the Parisian auctioneers, preserved in the Archives de Paris. It is a vast and homogeneous source specific to France, allowing for both quantitative and qualitative analysis over a long period. It will be supplemented by sources from other international sales, held in London or New York for example. International museums will be able to use it to research their collections and find provenance across time. For example, facing the present problems of restitution, it could be used to find the circulation of objects during the Nazi Occupation period. The accessibility of the data will have an impact on research across historical disciplines (economics, sociology, gender studies, trade etc.). Moreover, it will be a groundbreaking contribution in the history of European collections but also to explore the worldwide expansion of the market in the 19th-20th centuries. It will expose the mechanisms of the trade and the persisting problems of regulation. The database will form a groundbreaking model for future research, with the aim to be built-up with international sources. It will have to be interoperable with the Getty Index for example. Consultation with engineers and research teams from various institutions will be necessary and an international scientific committee will be created, to encourage international collaborations. The extent of the data input and the expertise needed to model the database require the ERC Starting Grant, to appoint a team involved in the project for 5 years after a period of preparation during the post-doc.

The project “La fabrique de l’histoire telle qu’elle se raconte” (the making of History as it tells itself), also known as HISTINÉRAIRES, , has for object the study of the “mémoires de synthèse des activités scientifiques” of the habilitation (HDR) to supervise research submitted in history departments since the early 90s’ to 2010. This yet unexploited material, different from the “travail inédit” which is often published and from the article collection, has become a treasure trove of information about the contemporary historical community. Its examination will enable the establishment of a new sociology of the profession as well as a renewal of contemporary French historiography and its developments, no longer based on the writings of a few well known historians but rooted in a generation’s research paths. It roots from the growing importance of reflexivity among the historian community and relies on the findings of sociology and the history of sciences. The first objective of the project will be to sketch a group portrait of the present-day researchers in history through an analysis of the institutional and intellectual paths. Among the institutional aspects, will be accounted for: the academic path, the time spent teaching in the secondary cycle, the place where the viva was held, the age and gender of the candidate, the members of the jury, the future of the candidate… For the intellectual aspects, data on the volume of production at the time of the viva, the theoretical references made (to social sciences or philosophy), the connections with foreign historiography, the evolution of themes and approaches of research, the inscription into a specific field (cultural history, economical history, social history…), the participation to current historiographical debates, the involvement in community life (answers to the “social demands”, diffusion of knowledge) will be collected. This information will be treated through cartographic and quantitative tools, enabling the establishment of geographical mappings of research and its structuring networks. The second part of the project will investigate how historians interpret their exercise of synthetizing their scientific activities. Whereas some chose to provide a long resume of their accomplishments, others analyzed their personal relationship to the histories they make by sometimes integrating Pierre Nora’s auto-reflexive problematic, which started with his Essais d’ego-histoire. This investigation will reveal the evolution of a still roughly defined exercise. As with the historiographical and/or epistemological debates, the treatment of the data will mostly be qualitative while integrating discourse analyses. This corpus will first be completed and enlightened by oral interviews of HDR tutors, and with a study of its genesis, on April 5th 1988 with the decree on the habilitation to supervise research. The global aim of the project will be to establisha groundbreakingcartography of the community, which would rely on the writings of its members. It is a project of a historiography from below, to use a common term nowadays. From this point of view, the writings’ subjectivity present through the academic canvas, far from being a handicap, will inform research on various institutional and intellectual strategies in action.

This historical research programme analyses the interactions between an institution and a practice: on the one hand, marriage, a sacrament of the Church and a crucial step in setting up as a professional, transmitting property and integrating society; on the other, mobility, understood in both spatial and social terms. This programme’s field of study is modern Venice, which was both a very large city of more than 150,000 inhabitants at the end of the 16th century, and a world-city whose mixed population came from around the Mediterranean basin and the Transalpine countries. Venice is therefore an excellent vantage point for studying interconfessional marriages (between Catholics and Orthodox), marriages between foreigners, and marriages between natives and immigrants. This project relies on a massive volume of documentation: the processetti matrimoniali. These enquiries were made by the Catholic Church to ensure that future spouses were indeed either single or widowed. Initially, these enquiries were carried out for all individuals whose marital status was in doubt, especially non-native Venetians. They were based on witness testimony, and recorded in 340 registries between 1592 and 1807. This serial and diachronic documentation will be used to create a collaborative database developed using a project hosting platform (symoghi.com) with support from the Digital History Unit of LARHRA. The database input will consist of one-third of the processetti collection (120 registries, i.e. around 10,000 enquiries). This unique documentation will be processed in two ways. Firstly, the processetti will be studied as the central component of a system that the Catholic Church set up in an attempt to reconcile human mobility with the respect of marriage rules. The analysis of this process will be expanded to the Italian peninsula and to the Greek world under Venetian dominion in order to gain a better understanding of the circulation of ecclesiastical norms and practices. Then, we will regard the processetti as a source of information for grasping marriage as a pivotal moment in a migratory trajectory and an integration process. The processetti lend themselves to both a quantitative and qualitative approach that enables a full range of migratory trajectories to be reconstructed, including for example migrations by women (who leave little trace in the sources typically used for research). Lastly, we will examine how, at the end of a migratory trajectory, marriage could be an instrument for social integration (by looking at the significance of exogamous and interfconfessional marriages) – and for social mobility (paying special attention to the sequence of events surrounding the 1630 plague outbreak, which appears to have opened up matrimonial and economic opportunities). This research programme aims to better understand what inclusion and social mobility mean in an open, cosmopolitan city that is still affected by legal, religious and social barriers. This project is underpinned by a partnership between LARHRA-University of Lyon 2, the University of Padua, the French Schools of Rome and Athens, and the National University of Athens.