The rule of law in the EU is a multi-faceted principle implemented in a multi-layered process. It is embodied in the manifold jurisdictions of its member states, the growing number of EU legislative acts and eventually in the intricate net of cross-references between these bodies of law. Legal training should enable students to understand, navigate and play an active role in this multi-layered and highly interdependent network-structure. Yet this is not happening, as curricula are often exclusively focused on national jurisdictions and legal systems. Even when EU law becomes part of teaching, it often appears as a legal-subfield of its own, with little focus on the interdependencies with and between national jurisdictions. This is exacerbated by the fact that in law the exchange of academic personnel in Europe is still in its infancy. As a result, the “transmitters”, who could contribute different legal perspectives to teaching and research, are missing. Equally detrimental, topics of crucial importance to the understanding of Europe and its legal settings – such as European Governance and Identity – have been absent in legal training so far. In the light of these challenges, five leading universities in Amsterdam, Berlin, London, Paris and Rome have decided to use their experience in conducting a joint-European study program in law, known as the European Law School (ELS), to develop a role model of how to comprehensively Europeanize legal teaching. In this respect, their Strategic Partnership EULysses - new frontiers for legal teaching and training has 3 major objectives: 1. Improve “Europeanization at home” – in terms of topics of particular importance to Europe2. Improve “Europeanization at home” – in terms of academic personnel and 3. Realize the potential of digital means for cooperation and outreachTo reach these objectives the SP will 1. Implement joint teaching activities, particularly on topics of overarching importance for Europe and embedded in joint research on law and social sciences2. Establish a scheme for mobility and embeddedness of academic personnel, and 3. Set-up a Joint Digital Platform (JDP).These actions address students and academic personnel (professors + young researchers) alike. Students benefit from new course offers, held jointly by home and visiting academics. This is especially the case with – but not restricted to – the joint-seminars on topics of particular relevance for Europe. They also involve academics from other disciplines to ensure the contribution of as well as the engagement with other disciplines’ insights, concepts and methodological approaches. As these seminars are taught every year at all locations, each student at all of the 5 universities has the possibility to attend several of these courses during her or his studies – without having to go abroad. Academic personnel benefits from an innovative exchange scheme, which sees them fully embedded in research and teaching activities of their hosting faculties. Each institution sends and receives a maximum of 3 exchange academics per year. Academics not taking part in the exchange scheme equally profit from the SP through the exchange with incoming colleagues from the other ELS institutions and through the planned JDP, which creates an up-to-date “map” of the academic profiles and activities of researchers in the ELS member institutions – to be opened to all EU academia in a second step. Furthermore, academics inside and outside SP’s partner institutions gain from the concepts and training-materials developed for the joint-seminars on topics of overarching importance for Europe, such as the governance and identity of Europe, which are available on the JDP free of charge. All actions are based on a distributed and equally connected approach of responsibilities. For each objective (and derived activities) one institution bears main responsibility, with Berlin in all cases assuming the role of being co-responsible. This ensures strong coherence and equal engagement as well as different perspectives and methodological approaches to be incorporated in the conceptualization and implementation of each action. The SP’s impact and longer terms benefits cover areas within the SP’s partner institutions as well as beyond. Within the SP, it will lead to a significant broadening as well as deepening in the level of cooperation, with tangible results and new opportunities for students and academia alike. It will be a major boast for the Europeanization of these institutions’ legal training in terms of subjects (courses with new topics), people (exchange scheme) and information infrastructure (Joint Digital Platform). At the same time, the SP will serve as a role model of how to “Europeanise” legal study programs in general and in particular of how to a) introduce new topics in legal teaching and b) use digital means for these ends in the most effective manner.

<< Background >>Erasmus is the most successful mobility programme in the world. By the beginning of 2020, it was estimated that around 10 million students had already participated in this exchange programme since it was launched in 1987. However, according to statistics this represents only 1.7% of the European Union’s population, which means that the programme is still far from reaching its full potential. Most of EU surveys and reports carried out in the framework of European projects revealed that the reasons behind low participation are related to lower economic capacity of the majority of students and their families to support their stay abroad which results in unequitable access to quality higher education studies and to future employment opportunities. Mobility is politically desirable and HEIs all over Europe are currently faced with extremely demanding targets concerning the increase of students undertaking an international mobility experience. Universities have therefore a clear need to find the most effective strategies to be able to comply with such targets, and this implies not only financial resources but also the necessary conditions to allow for the widest possible participation of all students potentially undertaking a mobility experience abroad. The overall budget available for KA1 Mobility of individuals is normally satisfactory for universities and in general allows them to provide an effective answer to the existing demand of the academic community. The main issue, however, remains the fact that a significant number of students does not have the necessary financial support to complement the grant awarded by the Programme and to allow for the full coverage of basic expenses in the country of destination.<< Objectives >>Keeping in mind the findings in EU Surveys that the majority of HE students are excluded from the Erasmus programme for financial reasons, the Erasmus for All Project wants to tackle the low levels of HE student participation in Erasmus mobility exchange by proposing a more economically viable scholarship scheme that will allow any HE students to spend part of their studies abroad in any of the 33 programme countries. Contributing to reducing the existing asymmetry in the EU, promoting fairness, inclusion and equity of mobility grants between individuals and among the EU economic diversity are the ultimate goals that this project wishes to pursue. In terms of concrete objectives, they are to:- Keep the topics of inclusion and equity in the policy agenda;- Build a shared understanding among key stakeholders on the desired trajectory/evolution of the Erasmus+ grant system;- Engage with policy and decision makers on resource allocation strategies that address the needs of the political goal of widening participation in mobility;- Provide relevant and in-depth input for the mid-term review of the new Erasmus+ programme.The partnership is composed by highly compromised institutions with quality mobility in the European Higher Education Area and therefore the goals of E4A are anchored in a wider vision for the future of the Erasmus programme.<< Implementation >>The implementation of E4A will encompass the organisation of a series of activities, events and publications with policy relevance to reach the decision makers in Brussels and produce real transformation in the programme’s design, particularly concerning the funding of individual mobility at Higher Education level. Firstly, the team will conduct a mapping of other scholarship funding models to benchmark for the more advantageous examples of grant schemes. This activity will be complemented by a desk research to extract best practises of other studies in the same field and include the results of the feedback gathered during the E4A Student Social Labs – a series of local events in the partner HEIs to engage Erasmus students in voicing their needs during mobility for a reality-based and co-designed solution. These activities will culminate in the organisation of the first multiplier event: Is the new Erasmus for all? » proposals towards a more inclusive Erasmus scholarship where it will be presented the Mapping and Research Report and opening the floor for the discussions around what will be the proposal of a new scholarship calculation methodology. This second round of activities will be led by a transdisciplinary scientific working group in charge of considering multiple variables to design a more inclusive grant scheme and publish a document that gathers the methodologies used in developing this proposal. Thirdly, the organisation of a small-scale impact study will set a pilot-experiment with a sample of real Erasmus participants with similar financial conditions (economically disadvantaged), randomly selected and divided in two groups: the first will test the current Erasmus scholarship scheme and the second will test the impact and feasibility of the more inclusive scholarship calculation formula(s) developed previously. This activity will include financial support from sponsors associated to the project to assure the necessary top-ups in a more inclusive scholarship proposal. Lastly, the E4A partners will prepare a Policy Paper with recommendations based on the conclusions of all the previous activities. The partner institutions will address policy makers in a final high-level conference in Brussels: The future of Erasmus is for all! » Making participation more inclusive through a better grant mechanism to call on the need to prioritise economic inclusion as a way to increase participation in the Erasmus programme through a more equitable scholarship.<< Results >>The partnership expects to publish the following documents until the end of the project lifecycle:- Mapping and Research Report - Guidelines for a more inclusive grant calculation formula- E4A Impact Study- Erasmus4All: Recommendations towards a more social and economically inclusive Erasmus scholarship | Policy PaperWith the preparation of these publications it is expected to raise awareness and support from the main target group, the HE students, by having them engaging actively in the projects’ activities, voice their challenges and pressure political leaders to change. The aim is to achieve a more equitable and a fairer grant system that may provide a clear answer to the real needs of participants, and contribute to promote inclusion in HE.It is also expected the reinforcement of the reliability of the Erasmus programme label. By analysing and identifying the potential weaknesses and strengths of the current system, the E4A project is providing the programme an active quality monitoring system. The type of activities designed for this project will also allow the HE students to participate in the co-creation of the programme and feel their needs are heard, addressed and actually produce a real change.This reinforcement of the programme’s visibility in terms of quality will also contribute to increase the circulation of students and improve and facilitate equal access to the European Higher Education Area, which is one of the strategic priorities of the European Commission having as background the Bologna Process.A last outcome is the promotion of a continuous political debate, throughout the project implementation and after its completion, on inclusion. One of the project’s results being the Policy Paper including recommendations resulting from the overall project’s conclusions plays an important role to push inclusion higher in the policy agenda and produce substantial impact in the mid-term review of the Erasmus+ programme.The powerful project values, mission and goals anticipate a guarantee for sustainability in this framework, both partners as well as other European institutions beyond the partnership involved in student mobility are committed to and share the vision of a future truly democratic Erasmus programme.

The importance of European cultural heritage has been generally acknowledged. A significant part of this heritage, however, modern and contemporary art, runs a great risk of getting lost for future generations, because it is particularly difficult to preserve. Proper care requires resolving fundamental questions concerning the identity and authenticity of modern and contemporary artworks and the consequences for their conservation, rethinking historically grown professional distinctions as those between the curator and the conservator, re-organizing the institutional ecosystem, and establishing frameworks for international, interdisciplinary and intersectoral research and training collaboration. The aim of this Marie Curie Innovative Training Network is to educate a new generation of professional curators, conservators and academic researchers who are properly equipped to face these challenges. The key notion guiding the research and training programmes will be the notion of reflective practice. Starting from the theoretical framework of practice theory, the research programme will investigate conservation practices through the comparative analysis of their impact on modern and contemporary artworks’ biographies. The training programme will focus on the development of a reflective professional attitude, which is a pre-requisite in this increasingly complex and collaborative field.

In the last three decades, survival of radiotherapy (RT) patients has greatly improved due to technological advances in delivery of radiation to tumour volumes. However, in spite of improvements in delivery of RT, a significant number of patients still experience severe toxicity from radiation treatment, particularly when the treatment volume overlaps with organs at risk. It was recently established that ultra-high dose rate (UHDR), known as FLASH RT, leads to remarkable reduction of normal tissue toxicity while maintaining tumour control with respect to conventional dose-rate RT. This so called "FLASH effect" was demonstrated in vivo on different animal models and different organs by delivering the total amount of radiation dose in a very short time (usually <200 ms). FLASH RT could represent a paradigm shift in modern radiotherapy with significant benefits for cancer patients and healthcare providers. However, the complexity of this new technology and the limited understanding of the underpinning radiobiological mechanisms hamper clinical exploitation. Even though the literature demonstration of the FLASH effect is growing very rapidly, the published studies may lead to flawed interpretation of data due to lack of established dosimetry methods for this new radiotherapy modality. Dosimetry at UHDR is complicated and it is essential to understand the effects that impact detector response in this radiotherapy modality. Without a clear understanding of the fundamental dosimetry issues, there is potential for significant errors and misinterpretation of research results and trials. Accurate dosimetry is crucial for the safe implementation of any radiotherapy technique and ensures best practice and consistency of treatments across different radiotherapy centres. The full clinical exploitation and optimization of FLASH RT requires a multidisciplinary approach to best solve the multiple complex challenges this field faces. The major part of solving these challenges will be through the development of metrology in measurement of dose and dose-rate for FLASH radiotherapy. This will enable validation of treatment planning for FLASH RT, commissioning of the new UHDR delivery systems, demonstration of compliance with safety requirements and support accurate radiobiological investigations.