Non-renewable and limited fossil resources (i.e. petroleum, coal, and natural gas) have been used over the last 140 years for the production of energy, commodity chemicals, and polymer materials. The extraction and consumption of these resources leads to deleterious and irreversible environmental impacts. While significant advancements have been made towards the large-scale implementation of renewable energy, production of petroleum-based chemicals and polymeric materials remains dependent on fossil fuels. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop alternative chemical-manufacturing processes using renewable and bio-based raw materials, such as lignocellulosic biomass. Lignins, one of the main components of this biomass, are considered as a bottomless source of aromatic molecules and thus have enormous potential as a renewable feedstock for the production of both commodity and fine chemicals. Unfortunately, most of the lignin treatments are highly energy-consuming, non-selective, uncontrollable, environmentally harmful, and economically unsustainable. On the other hand, recent advancements in the understanding of biologic ligninolysis have opened a promising route for enzyme-based processes upgrading the lignin valorization. However, in vitro applications of ligninolytic enzymes are limited by their low stability, short lifespan, lignin-derived inhibition, and their intolerance to unconventional environments. The VALBIOELEC project aims to knock down these limitations encountered in the enzyme-based processes upgrading lignin valorization through the development of novel and original concepts of a bio-electrochemical reactor (BER). The strategies chosen to take up this challenge will be based on the combination of the redox-biocatalysis and electrochemistry.

Vascular ageing is characterised by the occurrence of alterations in the elastic laminae present in the media of elastic arteries such as the aorta. Imaging of the mouse aorta by very high-resolution X-ray micro-tomography using synchrotron radiation makes it possible to observe these structures in their context, in 3D and at exceptional resolutions and scales of detail. The MODELAGE project aims to develop innovative approaches adapted to the analysis of this type of atypical data. Thus, it will aim to characterise as precisely as possible the natural ageing of these arteries and their environment in healthy mice, to model normal ageing and describe the discrete vascular alterations that characterise it. This objectified knowledge base, built on observations of samples from mice of varying ages from very young to very old, will then be used to detect and characterise alterations occurring at comparable ages in diabetic mice to discriminate between those due to ageing itself and those that may be associated with the pathology. These results will finally be used to predict vascular behaviour both from the point of view of its possible ageing and its functionality. The MODELAGE project is a high-content biological image analysis project that will require the development of numerical methods and tools to meet the technological challenges associated with the mass and complexity of the data. Specific approaches to image analysis, machine learning and vascular simulation will take advantage of the latest high performance computing technologies.

The TEMMEX PRCI proposes a coherent and balanced network of three French and two Russian laboratories with internationally recognized expertise in complimentary domains of molecular spectroscopy. It aims at in depth investigations of the electronic structures, radiative properties and high-resolution spectral signatures of small hydrocarbons (HC) and their radicals, which is one of the most important molecular family {CnHm} for atmospheric and astrophysics, environmental science and technology. Spectral analyses represent excellent non-invasive tools for remote sensing and efficient control of gaseous media in various environments. However, the most of reliable high-resolution spectral data have been collected for stable semi-rigid species at stationary conditions. The TEMMEX project focuses on the understanding of HC spectral properties in extreme dynamical and temperature conditions, involving implementation and interpretation of new experiments beyond standard local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). This includes free-radicals which possess complex open shell electronic structures and non-rigid species allowing for large amplitude nuclear motion that represents a challenge for accurate theoretical spectra predictions. This brings us to the target the HC family up to eight atoms: {CH2, C2H, CH3, C2H2, CH4, C2H4, C3H4, C2H6}. To be reliable, theory will be experimentally validated for various cases of electronic structures, nuclear configurations, rovibrational motions and symmetries. Advanced experimental methods will be implemented to produce high-resolution absorption spectra from the far-infrared up to the visible. A wide range of temperatures will be explored from 100 to 296 K under LTE conditions in static gas cells, and from 10 to 2000 K under low and high velocity conditions for which the internal degrees of freedom are decoupled. A large panel of experiments including Fourier transform spectroscopy, ultra-sensitivity Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy, or Cavity Enhanced Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy will provide spectroscopic information in a wide range of temperature conditions (e.g. 100 K at LTE; down to 10 K in jet; up to vibrational temperatures of several thousand kelvins in non LTE plasma) for validating theoretical line lists calculated by TEMMEX theoreticians. Drastic reduction of the spectral congestion at low temperature will be valuable to identify band origins, while hypersonic shock wave compression experiments will give key insights on highly excited quantum states. Particular care will be taken to provide line intensity information as radiative Einstein coefficients, which are largely lacking in the literature for the considered species though they are crucial for many applications.. Free radicals will be formed at high vibrational temperature and low rotational temperature by radiofrequency plasma discharge in a supersonic jet expansion and probed with a new frequency comb spectrometer coupled to an optical cavity for a fast spectra recording on a large spectral range. The interpretation of spectral signatures will be carried out via first principle ab initio and variational methods. New line lists produced by theoretical methods and validated via analyses of experiments will be applied for assigning hydrocarbon traces in the atmospheres of Titan and outer planets. The TEMMEX consortium will allow tackling the very demanding above challenges in the best conditions. In particular, the past collaboration between two of the French partners (GSMA and LIPhy) and IAO-Tomsk in the frame of the Laboratoire International Associé SAMIA (2014-2018) has illustrated the synergy of the involved teams and insures a fluent communication. The involvement of the IPR-Rennes and TSU-Tomsk with unique experimental and theoretical expertise opens new horizons addressing new aspects in molecular spectroscopy in particular the spectroscopy of gases far from LTE.

At the beginning of the project, we realized that the world is rushing towards digitalization, therefore we wanted to popularize the pleasure and utility of reading, the lingual forms and interpretation of images, and reading as a life experience. At the end of the project, the whole world turned upside down, and the need of digital platforms and applications as forms of entertainment, education tool and assistance for your job has grown more than ever. As the main goal of the project, the partnership managed to organize 3 intensive seminars and 3 workshops, the last two events in a hybrid way in order to adapt to the current situation. These events as a way of dissemination raised awareness of methods among the players of the book industry and education, as well as prepared the theory and the corpus of our Intellectual Output, called Rich Annotator System (RAS).Thus, RAS has been developed, and as originally planned, it links the texts of commentary literature to some major literary texts being commented upon, and form direct hyperlinks from the coments to the quoted text semi automatically, and by automatically generating inverse links, enabling a new form of reading of the main text, where each commentary is immediately visible. The participants of the academic events provided the studies, which served as the corpus of the platform, as well as the events were means of dissemination, during which we primarily promoted the platform among the professors and students participating in and bneing presented in the LTT events. However, since these events were also open for the public, RAS was disseminated to education experts, translators, young readers and university students, as future teachers and researchers. The impact of the project can be traced in academic education and later in high school education, since we train high school teachers. The promotion and the functioning of the Intellectual Output will continue, since the long-term relation among partners, and their commitment to the project guarantees the quality and after-life of the platform.

The CATRINE project will focus on the atmospheric tracer transport research areas identified by the EU's CO2 Task Force, the CO2 Human Emissions (CHE) project, and the Copernicus CO2 service (CoCO2) projects. The accuracy and mass conservation of the tracer transport model is of utmost importance in the design of the CO2MVS. Any unaccounted systematic errors in the tracer transport model can lead to inaccuracies in the estimation of CO2 and other tracer emissions. Therefore, CATRINE aims to improve the methods used to represent resolved tracer transport by the winds, with a particular focus on mass conservation, and to identify other systematic errors associated with unresolved processes represented by parametrizations. The project will define protocols for evaluating tracer transport models at both global and local scales. Test beds based on field campaign case studies will be developed, along with suitable metrics for tracer transport evaluation, utilising a range of tracers and observations at both global and local scales. These metrics will be employed in the operational CO2MVS to evaluate the implementation of new transport model developments, characterise transport accuracy and representativity in data assimilation, and provide a quality control stamp of tracer transport accuracy. Lastly, CATRINE will provide clear recommendations to the CO2MVS and the Carbon Cycle Community which works with atmospheric inversion models for the evaluation and quality assessment of tracer transport models.