The co-ordination of a national database of HIV sequences linked with limited HIV-risk factor information, representative of new and undiagnosed HIV infections in the UK will be undertaken to research HIV transmission. Investigative techniques combining epidemiology, evolutionary biology and laboratory techniques (phylodynamics) require development and will be strengthened through building upon methodologies used in localised studies. Tools will be investigated that enable measurement of the extent that homosexual men, who have recently been infected with HIV, are transmitting their infection onwards, relative to homosexual men with longstanding HIV infections. If recently infected HIV-positive men are substantially contributing to onward HIV transmission at a population level, then HIV testing promotion will have limited success as a prevention intervention, since recently infected HIV-positive men will not yet have had the opportunity to have their HIV infection diagnosed. Additionally, the impact of specific groups (such as homosexual men and heterosexuals born-abroad) on the UK population of HIV sequences will be measured and allow prevention efforts to be better targeted. Transmission and spread of drug resistance will be monitored and information on associated risk factors collected. The creation of this resource and the information yielded may have a large impact on the prevention efforts targeted at the UK HIV epidemic.

Resistance to antimicrobials (eg antibiotics) is a significant health problem and is driven by antimicrobial prescribing patterns. The majority of antimicrobial prescribing for humans in the UK is by GPs, but efforts to change prescribing patterns have so far met with limited success. A R+D collaboration is to be established between the key functions of the Health Protection Agency and 3 Universities with complimentary expertise relevant to improving antimicrobial prescribing in primary care. The collaboration will achieve its objectives via 4 mechanisms: - ensuring that best practice guidance on antimicrobial prescribing is available to GPs and other primary care staff and regularly updated. - ensuring that best practice on how to change prescribing in primary care is identified, publicised and regularly updated. - developing and establishing a system for routinely monitoring antimicrobial prescribing in primary care to assess implementation of recommendations and to act as a tool for furure research. - acting as a focus for further research bids in this area. This bid is for a project manager to implement the collaboration and organise bids for funding to develop the 4 strands of work.

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.