The presence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the atmospheric environment is a growing and potential significant issue in environmental sciences. Environmental studies are mostly focused on the occurrence and fate of ECs in aqueous environments. In contrast, less attention is paid to the atmospheric compartment, which plays a significant role in the global cycling pollutants. It is now accepted that bioaerosols and particulate matter can be emitted to the air from common activated sludge processes (aeration tank) and during biosolid land spreading events. ECs may be adsorbed or trapped on airborne particles emitted from these sources and thus be transferred to the atmosphere. Hence, waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) could be an active source of ECs in the atmosphere through volatilization or aerosolization processes. WECARE main goals are (i) to provide valuable data on the occurrence of ECs in the atmosphere (ii) a better understanding of the impact of WWTPs and biosolid land spreading on the emissions of aerosols and ECs in the atmosphere (transfer processes) (ii) to also provide valuable data on key atmospheric parameters (gas-particle partitioning, particle size distribution of aerosols emitted, mass fluxes, …) which affect the deposition, chemical reactions, long-range transport and impact on human and ecosystem health of pollutants.

In global geodynamics, one of the most striking events is the transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading, as most of the involved parameters fundamentally change (rift to drift, mantle source of magmas, nature of the lithosphere, magmatic plumbing system architecture, hydrothermal system). Despite their importance for the Earth geodynamics, the processes that govern the initiation of oceanic spreading and the associated production of juvenile magmatic crust remain first order open questions for the international geo-community. Few quantitative constraints exist on how magmatic spreading initiates to form steady MOR? In other words: How and when typical magmato/tectonic processes of oceanic spreading are gradually emplaced during Ocean Continent Transition (OCT) stage? Ultimately, why, at a certain moment, continental thinning switch to magmatic accretion and initiates the break-up? These fundamental questions could be tackled either by models (numerical or analogic) or following quantitative documentation of processes on fossil OCT and/or on active mature rifts, that can be viewed as nascent MOR. The Afar region at the northern end of the East African Rift system is the unique place on Earth where magmatic continental rifting and associated ongoing break-up processes are exposed onshore. This magmatic rift system is dissecting a Large Igneous Province and is connected laterally to the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden oceanic spreading ridges. This system presents the key advantage to expose extensional structures considered at ocean-continent transition with magmatic segments characterized by contrasted morphologies, magmato-tectonic styles, and maturity that have tentatively been assimilated to proto-spreading centers. The main working hypothesis of this project is that Afar is presently experiencing the final stage of continental break-up and progressive onset of steady magmatic spreading (process already completed in the lateral Red Sea and Gulf of Aden). The three main active, contrasted and complementary magmatic segments of Afar (Erta Ale, Dabbahu-Manda Hararo, Assal) offer the opportunity to study mantle and crustal processes in order to decipher fundamental parameters that control focussing of tectonic and magmatic activity until complete removal of continental lithosphere. The MAGMAFAR project is designed to make a breakthrough into this key and first order fundamental scientific issue of continental break-up in magmatic context, and rift transition to the onset of MOR. We will particularly focus on: (i) how do magmatic and tectonic processes control the styles and morphologies of magmatic segments? what are the parameters responsible for the characteristics of proto, steady-state spreading processes? (ii) why and how stable magma production and organized/focussed transfer to the crust start and led to break-up? Along the active magmatic segments of Afar we still need to understand precisely: how magmas are generated? how they are transferred to the crust? how they interact and are controlled by other forcing parameters (in particular, the mechanical behavior of the lithosphere)? We elaborated a general strategy that will combine high resolution quantification of both tectonic and igneous processes in the (i) active and (ii) plio-quaternary natural systems, which will serve in turn to calibrate (iii) an integrated thermo-mechanical modelling. Such an integrated and multidisciplinary approach, based on the combination of numerous complementary skills (petrology / geochemistry / geochronology / remote-sensing / structural geology / thermomechanical modelling), will be focused on the comprehensive description of these unique active segments, in order to bridge timescales and processes across the entire Afar Rift System. The MAGMAFAR project will produce a significant number of deliverables that will gradually cover the description and understanding of magmatic OCT from individual processes to general models.

The question of sea-level upraise in relationship to East Antarctica Ice Sheet (EAIS) dynamics is a major question in the context of climate change. The presumed stability of the EAIS and thus of little impact from this zone for the Sea Level Rise (SLR) actually stands on little data on the coast, and on under-constrained numerical models. For now, these models, for the coming centuries, take little account of the long-term evolution of the ice sheet in the coastal domain, since the LGM (Last Glacial Maximum, 20 ka). These models are mainly based on satellital and on distal glacial (EPICA), or marine, data. However, the critical scale of processes acting on the ice sheet evolution (like the evolution of the grounding line or the isostatic rebound) stand on much longer temporal scales (from multi-centennial to multi-millennial scales), and are essentially acting along the coast. In this project, we propose to document the post-LGM deglaciation dynamics of Terre Adélie (TA), with both data from Solid Earth and marine compartments to bring stronger constraints and validations into numerical models of the EAIS on the last 20 ka. The validated models will be used in a forward mode to investigate the future behaviour of the the EAIS until 2300. -In the 'Solid Earth' investigation, we will apply a multi-geochronological investigation of moraine records (based on Cosmogenic Radionuclide dating of Be, Al, C and OSL (Optically Simulated Luminescence) of moraine boulders along the Terre Adélie coast to document the EAIS retreat following the LGM. OSL dating of marine sediments will allow to date former grounding lines that have been uplifted, which will allow quantify the (still undefined) isostatic rebound. - The new marine data will comprise the acquisition of new geochemical data on available sediment cores off the TA coast, at high resolution until 11.5 ka. These data will allow to recalculate the paleo-temperatures both at the sea surface and around -500 m (that is at the level of the grounding line of the EAIS in TA). These data will notably allow for the first time to document the MWP-1B warming phase, which will be used as a proxi of current climate change. - These Solid Earth and marine data will be combined with the other, more distal, ice sheet and marine records to provide a precise frame for glacial fluctuations and IAES thickness since 20 ka. These data will be used to further constrain and validate interactive 3D numerical modellings of the EAIS in TA to evaluate the regression of the glaciers in relation to the various forcings on a 20 ka scale. The best-fit models will be used in forward mode for evaluating the future response of EAIS until 2300.

Severe shortage in good quality water reserves is a global problem that will increase with a growing world population. Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) will contribute to replenish depleted aquifers and restore ecological services in fresh water ecosystems. However, risks associated to the occurrence of pathogens and anthropogenic emerging pollutants in groundwater have led to question the reuse of reclaimed water for MAR. MARadentro aims to assess and minimize these risks, and to increase the benefits of MAR guaranteeing human health and environment protection through the development of affordable and effective permeable reactive layers. These integrate biotic and abiotic processes to enhance pathogen retention and inactivation and pollutant adsorption and degradation by making available a broad range of sorption sites and a sequence of redox states. The applicability of the proposed MAR layers will be validated by upscaling from lab and pilot experiments to field scale studies. Transport modelling, risk assessment, economic balance and establishment of recommendations to stakeholders and authorities in the water sector will guarantee the smooth implementation of this MAR concept and the positive public response to water reuse. The transfer of the knowledge gathered in MARadentro to policy makers will help in EU regulation on MAR.

With more than 5300 exoplanets detected so far, it is clear that planet formation is a robust and efficient process. The current population of known exoplanets exhibits a wide diversity, both in nature (mass, radius) and in architecture: while giant planets can be found at large separations, the most common type of exoplanetary systems revealed by Kepler transits consist of chains of low-mass planets, super-Earths and mini-Neptunes, located close to their host stars. To understand the origin of this diversity, we need to explore the birth environment of the planets, namely the planet-forming protoplanetary disks, and to investigate their structure and evolution on both local and global scales. While considerable progress has recently been made in probing the disks on large scales (a few tens of astronomical units, au), little is known about the innermost regions (less than a few au). The IRYSS (Innermost Regions of Young Stellar Systems) project aims at deciphering the processes at play in the innermost regions of protoplanetary disks (PPDs). For the first time, we will provide a statistical view of the inner parts of a large sample of PPDs, thus bringing to light the main missing piece in our understanding of planet formation. The project builds on the unique synergy between the observational approaches developed by the partners, IPAG and IRAP, on national Research Infrastructures such as ESO/VLTI (with the PIONIER and GRAVITY interferometric instruments, largely developed at IPAG) and CFHT (with the ESPaDOnS and SPIRou spectropolarimeters, both developed at IRAP), in combination with the development of advanced physical models of the inner disk edge and of the accretion flows onto the central star. Benefiting from these world-class facilities, which are at the heart of the orientations of the call, we will conduct a multi-wavelength, multi-technique, and multi-scale investigation of the inner disk regions in a few tens of young stellar systems. We will explore the initial and environmental conditions that prevail at the time of planet formation by addressing three intrinsically interconnected pillars: 1) the morphological (asymmetry, vortex, dead zone) and physical (temperature, density) properties of the innermost scales of the protoplanetary disk, by spatially resolving at the sub-au level the near- and mid-infrared continuum emission with interferometry; 2) the magnetic star-disk interaction region, extending over a few stellar radii, and whose outer edge is thought to be the place where inwards migrating planets pile up, with spectropolarimetric observations and Zeeman-Doppler Imaging to derive the magnetic field topology and strength; 3) the dynamical timescales of the physical processes from a few days to months, by monitoring the variability of both the magnetic topology and the small-scale disk features. The combined analysis of these data sets arising from these two state-of-the-art observational techniques will put the world-leading French experts in a unique position to provide the stellar and exoplanet communities with legacy databases of magnetic maps, line profiles, inner rim positions and disk substructures. These are the key ingredients to relate the magnetic properties of young stars to the structure of their inner disk, and to investigate their evolution over periods as long as 10 years for some emblematic objects. As such, this legacy will provide access to a detailed overview of the innermost regions of nascent stellar systems and their disks where close-in planets form. Our team has access to all the ESO and CFHT Large Program and Guarantee Time observations to be exploited in the IRYSS project, and has developed during previous ERC-funded grants cutting-edge analysis and modeling tools required for their interpretation. We therefore gather the optimal expertise to yield major advances in this competitive field, supported by the appropriate workforce provided by this specific and quite timely ANR call.