The BALTIC KLEMS (Baltic Countries Capital, Labour, Energy, Material, Service inputs) project aims at developing methodology for the Baltic Countries for KLEMS (countries are missing information). It expands the actual EU KLEMS and WORLD KLEMS framework and includes the role played by detailed intangible assets to productivity growth. The results obtained will enable: a) to up-to-date information in the EU KLEMS database; b) to perform comparative economic analysis for different developed countries from two complementary perspectives: the determinants of productivity growth and the patterns of structural change; c) be beneficial for a set of EU countries (plus the USA) from the INTAN-Invest initiative as well as from the SPINTAN project funded by the 7th Framework programme of the EU. This can be summarized in the following objectives: (1) to investigate the economic structures; (2) to group the countries and propose a taxonomy of consistent patterns; (3) to develop a new methodology; (4) to investigate the main characteristics of detailed intangible capital impact on productivity growth; (5, 6) to measure, rank the detailed contributors; (7, 8, 9) to derive the main results emphasizing the main policy implications. In order to achieve these goals WP1 is dedicated to researching the economic structures. WP2 is devoted to developing a methodology, to obtaining values, ranking. WP3 is dedicated to identifying the consistent paths of structural changes and the determinants. WP4 is dedicated to dissemination, public engagement. WP5 is dedicated to the practical exploitation. WP6 is dedicated to the management. WP7 is dedicated to training, career development. The researcher had internship at the host supervised during the doctoral studies. The supervisor is the coordinator of the SPINTAN project funded by the 7th Framework programme. The host performs the calculations for the case of Spain (EU KLEMS), a set of Latin American countries (LA KLEMS, a part of WORLD KLEMS).

Grape production is among the most economically important agricultural activities in the Mediterranean region, particularly for Italy, France and Spain. In the context of climate change and increased consciousness of the negative environmental and public health impacts of agricultural activities (e.g. pesticide application) there is an increasing emphasis on the development of sustainable agricultural approaches in viticulture. Climate change is threatening the sustainability of Mediterranean viticulture where recurrent drought events during the summer have increased the necessity of modern irrigation to maintain yields and quality. This issue is amplified in semi-arid and arid regions. Moreover, climate change is also influencing the availability of water resources, which combined with a growing world population, is increasing competition for water. Therefore, the conservation of freshwater resources through the use of non-conventional sources of water (e.g. reclaimed wastewater) for agriculture is an increasingly relevant alternative. However, this option might lead to salinity issues in the soil depending on the reclaimed water quality and the problem is amplified in saline soils. On the other hand, sustainability is also threatened by pollution. Traditional European wine grape varieties (V.vinifera) are highly susceptible to fungal diseases (powdery and downy mildew being the most important). Copper-based fungicides have been used for more than a hundred years in European vineyards. Exposure to these pesticide can result in acute and chronic illnesses for vineyard workers and surrounding communities. Pesticide reduction (or even elimination) represents a priary goal for attaining sustainability in viticulture. The EnViRoS project aims to enhance the sustainability of the grape cultivation in the Mediterranean area by exploiting newly available genotypes recently developed by breeding programs in Italy, including fungal disease-resistant cultivars and drought/salinity-tolerant rootstocks. The enhanced characteristics offered by these new genotypes against biotic (resistance to powdery and downy mildew fungal diseases) and abiotic (drought and salinity) stresses, makes them suitable to solve some of the major concerns affecting Mediterranean viticulture. However, given its actual importance, traditional V.vinifera cultivars will probably remain the major market portion in Europe in the short and medium term. The project work plan includes the optimization of the irrigation management for these varieties, as well as the study of their performance when grafted on new rootstock genotypes and subjected to water and salinity stress. We expect the project proposed here to lead to reductions in water use and pesticide applications. Both of these goals have real, tangible socioeconomic impacts that will positively impact the profitability and sustainability of grape production, and the health and well-being of vineyard workers and the surrounding communities.