The OTCT project will build on the results and recommendations of the OPTIMALE network, an Erasmus Academic Network of 70 academic and language industry partners in the field of professional translation. The OPTIMALE online survey of language industry employers’ competence requirements showed that awareness of and the ability to implement professional procedures throughout the translation process are key factors in the employability of university translation graduates. This led to the definition of good practice in specific areas of translator training, in particular in the integration of professionally-oriented practices in the curriculum.The OTCT project (Optimising Translator Training through Collaborative Technical Translation) aims to enhance the professionally-oriented content of university translation degree programmes via intensive collaborative technical translation sessions in simulated professional conditions (referred to as “Tradutech sessions”), and by exchanging good practice and resources on the implementation of project-based teaching and learning in the field of translator training.The project will involve students and staff in advanced translation degree programmes from seven academic institutions (Rennes 2 University, France; HE Vinci, Brussels, Belgium; Swansea University, UK; Univerzita Karlova V Praze, Prague, Czech Republic; Universitatea Babes-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Universita ta Malta, Malta; Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain). It will primarily involve 1st and/or 2nd year Master’s degree students (i.e. 20-80 students in each institution) but may also involve students in the final year of Bachelor’s degree programmes where relevant (i.e. Sevilla). Two to three members of the teaching staff from each institution will be directly involved, but a larger number will benefit from the outcomes of the project.The project will center on the “Tradutech” intensive sessions, with preparatory activities leading up to the sessions and material from the sessions feeding into further resources for use in the classroom. Four “Tradutech” sessions will take place during the project. Each five-day session will involve students setting up simulated translation companies (i.e. teams of 5-10 students, with specific responsibilities and roles assigned to each team member), who will then carry out large-scale multilingual technical translation projects according to the specifications and deadlines set by their “clients”. Source documents will be authentic technical manuals, reports or multimedia materials which will be translated into the main target language(s) of the partner institutions. The source documents will be in English or French as the case may be. Projects will be managed in turn by students from each partner institution, using collaborative software to exchange resource materials and files and computer-assisted translation software to carry out the translations. Prior to the Tradutech sessions, students will receive training in technical translation, project management, quality control and translation technologies, using resources produced by different partner institutions and shared with the other partners within the project. Participants will be briefed on the conditions and implementation of the Tradutech sessions, using tutorials produced by students from Rennes and Cluj with prior experience of such sessions. A joint terminology project will involve students from all the partner institutions, in order to promote cooperation and familiarize them with the use of the collaborative platform set up for the project. Output from the student “translation companies” will be assessed according to professional criteria by language industry professionals and feedback will be provided to the students and used as learning materials in classes following the Tradutech sessions. All students who have completed a Tradutech session (i.e. have successfully carried out the responsibilities and tasks allocated to them within one or several translation projects) and the preparatory work prior to the session, will be awarded 4 ECTS credits as part of their study programme.Two of Rennes Tradutech sessions will be attended by teaching staff from the other partner institutions, who will take part in a parallel training of trainer session. Two other sessions will be attended by students from the other institutions, who will be integrated as full members of the Rennes teams.Sustainability will be ensured by teaching and learning resource production and dissemination, the training of trainer sessions, and the production of a Handbook on the implementation of project-based translator training which will be made freely available to other institutions. Participating students will benefit from the hands-on experience and professional feedback, while teaching staff will gain experience of project-based collaborative learning methodologies.

In the context of climate change, it appears essential to unravel the mechanisms governing abiotic stress tolerance in higher plants, in order to build predictive models and use this knowledge to assist selection and design of stress tolerant crops. We have previously uncovered remarkable adaptations in seed mitochondria, which because of the ability of seeds to survive desiccation, display impressive tolerance to abiotic stress. In particular, seed mitochondria accumulate high levels of small heat shock proteins (sHSP) and late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA). The sHSP are the most widespread but less conserved HSP. They contribute to the molecular chaperone network that assists protein biogenesis and homeostasis under stress conditions (sHSPs are stress inducible). In eukaryotes, mitochondrial sHSP (M-sHSP) have only been identified in plants and insects. LEA proteins are highly hydrophilic proteins, generally intrinsically disordered, which accumulate in desiccation tolerant organisms, and whose functions still remain largely enigmatic. The MITOZEN project aims at deciphering the molecular function and physiological role of the mitochondrial sHSP and LEA proteins (M-sHSP and M-LEA) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The genome of Arabidopsis harbors 17 sHSP genes (including 3 M-sHSP) and more that 50 LEA genes, among which we have recently identified 5 M-LEA genes. The molecular functions of the M-sHSP and M-LEA will be explored using biochemical and biophysical approaches to study recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Their structural features and protective activities (oligomerisation, secondary structure, chaperone activities, membrane protection) will be examined in the context of temperature stress and dehydration using a large panel of techniques and in vitro assays. The goal is to determine the potential molecular functions of the different M-sHSP and M-LEA in the context of stress tolerance (desiccation in seeds, high temperature in seeds and plants). A reverse genetics approach will be developed in Arabidopsis to explore the role of M-M-sHSPs and M-LEAs in the physiology and development of plants. Single and multiple knock-out mutant lines will be constructed, as well as overexpressors using an inducible system. Their phenotypic characterization will focus on seed development and abiotic stress tolerance of plants, including mitochondrial function. The integration of data provided by these multidisciplinary approaches (bioinformatics, biochemistry and biophysics, genetics, physiology) will shed light on the function and importance of the different M-sHSP and M-LEA in the development and stress tolerance of plants. It will also increase knowledge about molecular chaperones and in particular with respect to their yet unexplored role in the context of dehydration, and will shed novel light on the function of LEA proteins.

Pesticides are of limited use against bacterial diseases in crops due to a lack of effective and non-toxic molecules. Thus, genetic selection of resistant crops remains the most effective approach to control bacterial pathogens. Resistance breeding requires a conceptual jump to efficiently design significant and durable resistance to a large variety of pathogens in a large number of crops simultaneously. The CROpTAL project aims at identifying plant susceptibility hubs in major crops (cereals, citrus, legumes and brassicaceae) targeted by Xanthomonas virulence-promoting TAL (Transcription Activator-Like) type III effectors. These conserved susceptibility targets could then be used for marker-assisted breeding of loss-of-susceptibility by selection of inactive variants of those hubs. These results will contribute to the development of durable resistance to a broad range of bacterial pathogens in the selected crops.

The DIA-SOLAIRE project aims to develop integrated diagnostic and prognostic approaches for existing and future photovoltaic (PV) power plants. These approaches will be hybrid, integrating both physical models and models based on experimental data, while exploring the potential of statistical and machine learning methods. The aim is to extend the lifetime of PV power plants and to optimize the management of their energy performance, while taking into account technological, human and environmental factors of influence, over the medium and long term, in a context of climate change. Energy production drifts and their causes can be identified, and performance and profitability projections can be proposed by introducing degradation distributions and economic models. Finally, changes in maintenance practices brought about by the implementation of artificial intelligence tools will be analyzed with PV plant operators. The tools developed will incorporate a man-machine interface enabling users and operators to support them in making decisions in real time, based on adapted performance criteria.

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have the potential to become an environmental friendly, inexpensive, large area and flexible photovoltaics technology. Their main advantages are low process temperatures, the potential for very low cost due to abundant materials and scalable processing, and the possibility of producing flexible devices on plastic substrates. To improve their commercialization capacity, to compete with established power generation and to complement other renewable energy technologies, the performance of state-of-the-art OSCs needs to be further improved. Our goals within SEPOMO – Spins in Efficient Photovoltaic devices based on Organic Molecules – are to bring the performance of OSCs forward by taking advantage of the so far unexplored degree of freedom of photogenerated species in organic materials, their spin. This challenging idea provides a unified platform for the excellent research to promote the world-wide position of Europe in the field of organic photovoltaics and electronics, and to train strongly motivated early stage researchers (ESRs) for a career in science and technology oriented industry that is rapidly growing. Our scientific objectives are to develop several novel routes to enhance the efficiency of OSC by understanding and exploiting the electronic spin interactions. This will allow us to address crucial bottlenecks in state-of-the-art OSCs: we will increase the quantum efficiency by reducing the dominant recombination losses and by enhancing the light harvesting and exciton generation, e.g. by means of internal upconversion of excited states. Our ESRs will be trained within this interdisciplinary (physics, chemistry, engineering) and intersectoral (academia, R&D center, enterprise) consortium in highly relevant fundamental yet application-oriented research with the potential to commercialise the results. The hard and soft skills learned in our network are central for the ESRs to pursue their individual careers in academics or industry.