The FAST-LAB -- Certified And Secure Time and frequency transfer -- common laboratory project aims at promoting and shaping the interest of the FEMTO-ST institute and the company Gorgy Timing for developing secure and certified time dissemination systems. Time dissemination has become a requirement for current interactions in a society meeting increased timing pressure in its exchanges. Improving accuracy, traceability and safety has become mandatory for the time references clocking today's rail and air traffic, or in the context of distributed energy production in the context of smart grids. Similarly, we address secure timestamping financial transactions -- with Europe being the first institution to draft a law governing such activities with a time reference (MIFID2) -- as well as synchronizing distributed power generation and high bandwidth communication networks. In these 3 examples, the core information is ``time'' and, within the current deployment framework, security and tracking the timestamp information is only beginning. The broad range of time sources, including historical Very Low Frequency (VLF) sources which are currently neglected considering the ease of use of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks, provides means of reducing jamming and spoofing risks. Safety of these critical timing services becomes a need that we address by securing the timestamp exchange (using cryptography and two way interactions between clocks exchanging messages). Making the best use of the sources of time and means of accessing these time representations are on the one hand addressed by combining multiple commercially available sources (GNSS, quartz oscillators) and on the other hand by developing dedicated systems meeting the unique requirements of redundancy (flexible software defined radio receivers able to adapt to jamming sources, composite sources dedicated to time transfer applications, time transfer over optical fibers such as White Rabbit). In this context, securing timestamp servers becomes a mandatory requirement, both against classical technical sources of technical failure and vulnerability as well as against attacks focusing on semantics of secure time data and their spoofing. Gorgy Timing is an innovative family SME, dedicated to time transfer. Providing solution for time dissemination, the company is a European leader by developing tools for secure, certified, precise and traceable UTC time diffusion on a network reaching the customer with an accuracy ranging from the millisecond to the nanosecond. In the framework of these innovations, the company Gorgy Timing wishes to enhance its research and development capabilities on secure time and frequency dissemination with the FEMTO-ST institute -- UMR6174. FEMTO-ST, through its Time and Frequency department, exhibits a long and internationally recognized expertise in characterizing and generating ultra-stable frequency signals. Digital signal processing techniques applied to radiofrequency (RF) signals, derived from software defined radio techniques, for characterizing time and spectral characteristics of oscillators provide the opportunity to bridge the fields of interests of the two partners. FEMTO-ST also provides expertise in the field of cybersecurity through the security test team of the Computer Science department (DISC), hence providing a synergy on the research topics ranging from time-frequency to software security.

The IMPACTS project aims at an ever-increasing integration of modeling, numerics and control design for complex multi-physical implicit systems described by both ordinary and partial differential equations. This integration is achieved considering the novel class of Implicit port Hamiltonian (PH) Systems, analyzing their system properties and developing new dedicated methods for numerical simulation and control design. Implicit PH Systems arise from the modeling of systems with non-local constitutive relations, implicit geometric discretization in time and space or control by interconnection. The methodological contributions of this project will concern the modeling and control of implicit PH systems using irreversible Thermodynamics, geometric numerical methods for space-time discretization and order reduction, canonical implicit discrete-time PH systems and energy-based control design, and in domain/boundary control of distributed parameter systems under implicit interconnections.

The ETHICS project aims to develop new generations of piezoelectric transducers and MEMS based on the microfabrication of lead-free piezoelectric composites. This project addresses technological developments to make an ecological transition towards robust sensors and frequency sources for applications in health, non-destructive testing or extreme temperature conditions. ETHICS is a single-team multidisciplinary project for the integration of lead-free piezoelectrics, the validation of mirofabrication processes and test phases, finally the development of robust models for the integration of piezoelectric composites in their environment. ETHICS will make it possible to constitute a technological hub and a team of excellence to carry out academic and industrial research.

This project is concerned with the unsteady aerodynamics and associated sound production mechanisms which result from flows around bluff bodies. Such systems comprise regions of fully separated turbulent flow and strong fluid-structure interaction. From an applied perspective, the motivation for studying such flows derives from clear societal needs (safety, chemical and noise pollution) and strong industrial competition, while from a fundamental point of view such flows present a real challenge to scientists working in the fields of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics: a comprehensive understanding of these kinds of flow is hampered by the difficulty of quantitatively analysing the unsteady flow field and the mechanisms by which it drives sound fields (both internal and external). Experimentally, quantitative analysis approaches suffer from the difficulty of accessing the full space-time structure of the flow, and the fact that much of the essential aeroacoustic dynamic is below the noise floor of the measurement device. Numerical approaches on the other hand, while capable of providing a more complete spatiotemporal picture, struggle to resolve the finer details of the flow in near-wall regions, and are not well suited to supplying the fully converged statistics which are required for implementation of analysis tools which can help better understand the dynamics of the flow. The principal objective of the project is thus to develop integral analysis methodologies for study of the flows and source mechanisms evoked above. The strategy which we propose to follow in order to achieve this, and which constitutes an important originality of the project, involves the association of experts from different fields (aerodynamic, aeroacoustic, numerical, experimental, theoretical). Such a multi-disciplinary initiative is necessary to obtain analysis tools adapted to the very large data bases generated by experiments and computations and is central to an understanding of the more subtle aspects of these flows. Three complementary model problems will be studied: (i) a massive two-dimensional separation generated by a thick plate [LEA-C1], (ii) a strongly three dimensional cavity flow [LIMSI-C2], (iii) a more complex three-dimensional separation involving a conical vortex interacting with a solid surface, which is of interest on account of the particular instabilities which it supports, and its capacity to act as a wave-guide for intermediate-scale perturbations [LEA – C3]. The three configurations will also be simulated by means of a number of complementary methods: Large Eddy Simulation (or DNS in C1) [LIMSI C1 + C2; PSA C3] and hybrid RANS/LES [LEA C1+C3]. Databases corresponding to C1 and C2 will be available from the project outset. The project will comprise two workpackages. The first will be dedicated to a direct analysis of the unsteady flows generated by the three configurations, and the developement of specific quantitative analysis tools. Further simulations and experiments will be performed during the course of the project, in order to complement those which currently exist, and to aid in the development of novel analysis tools. These will include Quantitative Topological Analysis, Lagrangian Coherent Structure tracking, Linear and Quadratic Stochastic Estimation, Extended Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, and Causality Correlation Analysis; and they will be largely based on synchronous sampling of pressure (in-flow, surface and farfield; experimentally obtained via arrays of unsteady pressure probes), and velocity via full-field and temporally resolved optical measurement tehniques (Stereo PIV and 3C LDV respectively). The objective will be to develop integral analysis methodologies for the extraction and tracking of flow events, important either in terms of their energy or their unsteady wall pressure signatures. The second workpackage will deal with the question of how the unsteady flow dynamic couples both with the model body and with the acoustic farfield. Our principle objective will be to understand how to pose the problem such that the source terms we generate experimentally and numerically are both amenable to physical understanding (for the wall region and the farfield), and robust enough to provide an accurate description of the most important flow/`source' events where the vehicle body and the acoustic farfield are concerned. The experimental and numerical databases generated for C1, C2 & C3 will serve to help us understand how the flow skeletons identified in workpackage 1 drive the near and farfield pressures. This ambitious project promises to be rich in fundamental and applied developments, thanks to the synergy of recent numerical, experimental and analysis techniques, and the association of experts in aerodynamics and aeroacoustics. Such a multidisciplinary fusion will ensure a dynamic research environment, necessary for and conducive to the generation of new scientific knowledge.