- FR
- SE
- PK
- OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)
- FR
- SE
- PK
- OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)
- Institutional Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:EURECOM Computers and IT, Social Sciences GeneralEURECOMOAI-PMH URL: http://www.eurecom.fr/oai/oai2.php
Some items are not available as full-text. The site interface is available in French and English.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::68b1fbe7f16e4ae3024973f12f3cb313&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::68b1fbe7f16e4ae3024973f12f3cb313&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:INIST-CNRS MultidisciplinaryINIST-CNRSOAI-PMH URL: http://www.opengrey.eu/oai/
This site provides access to Grey Literature from Europe. The interface is available in French and English. This site replaces OpenSIGLE. The content is available in a variety of European languages.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::100d9f30ca54b18d14821dc88fea0631&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::100d9f30ca54b18d14821dc88fea0631&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Paris Dauphine University Mathematics and Statistics, Business and Economics, Law and PoliticsParis Dauphine University
This repository gives access to all the scientific publications and documents produced by the institution. The interface is in French.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::5129a5ddcd0dcd755232baa04c231698&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::5129a5ddcd0dcd755232baa04c231698&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Data Repository European Union, Netherlands, Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:ICOS ERIC, WUR, Lund University Geosciences (including Geography), Natural Sciences, Atmospheric Science and OceanographyICOS ERIC,WUR,Lund University
re3data: r3d100012203
ICOS Carbon Portal offers free access to high-quality and standardised greenhouse gas data, as well as to scientific and educational products and services. The Carbon Portal is a ‘one-stop shop’ for all ICOS data products. Carbon Portal manages data security, enforcement of the ICOS data policy, with user-friendly (and machine-friendly) internet- and other computer-network based interfaces. It organises long-term archiving of ICOS data products to guarantee their safe storage, future access and easy re-use. FAIR data handling is the key for the high ICOS data quality. ICOS has created a transparent, documented and reproducible process throughout the data life cycle: from the measurements at the station via the Thematic Centres and the ICOS Carbon Portal to the user. All data distributed from the stations and going through the Central Facilities, are distributed in Carbon Portal. We are following the international developments in FAIR data management to build interoperable systems and make ICOS data free available in a transparent way. The Carbon Portal is hosted by the Lund University in Sweden and Wageningen University in the Netherlands.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25504/fairsharing.p9sgt0&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25504/fairsharing.p9sgt0&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:BTH MultidisciplinaryBTHOAI-PMH URL: http://bth.diva-portal.org/dice/oai
This site is a university repository providing access to the publication output of the institution. The research at BTH spans across a diversity of subject areas, from technology to planning, humanities, business administration and health. Some items are not available via Open Access and are only available as metadata (bibliographic record) entries. The site interface is available in English or Swedish.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::7f1de29e6da19d22b51c68001e7e0e54&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::7f1de29e6da19d22b51c68001e7e0e54&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:SLU Agriculture, Food and VeterinarySLUOAI-PMH URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/cgi/oai2
This is an institutional repository. The site interface is available in English or Swedish. Users may set up RSS feeds to be alerted to new content.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::41bfd20a38bb1b0bec75acf0845530a7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::41bfd20a38bb1b0bec75acf0845530a7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) Arts and Humanities General, Fine and Performing ArtsKonstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design)OAI-PMH URL: http://konstfack.diva-portal.org/dice/oai
This site provides access to the research output of the institution. The site interface is available in Swedish, Norwegian and English. Some items are not available as full-text.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::fea9c11c4ad9a395a636ed944a28b51a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::fea9c11c4ad9a395a636ed944a28b51a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:GU MultidisciplinaryGUOAI-PMH URL: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace-oai/request
This is an institutional repository providing access to the research output of the institution. Users may set up RSS feeds to be alerted to new content. The interface is available in English and Swedish.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::09c6c3783b4a70054da74f2538ed47c6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::09c6c3783b4a70054da74f2538ed47c6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Electronic Publishing Library and Information ScienceElectronic PublishingOAI-PMH URL: http://elpub.architexturez.net/oai-pmh
This a repository of e-papers which have been presented at the ELPUB conferences. They are all openly accessible.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::2e7ceec8361275c4e31fee5fe422740b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::2e7ceec8361275c4e31fee5fe422740b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Université François-Rabelais Tours Arts and Humanities GeneralUniversité François-Rabelais Tours
re3data: r3d100011169
OAI-PMH URL: http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/oai2/oai2.phpThis subject based repository collects and provides information relating to the humanities and the period of the Renaissance in particular. Principal materials are a wide range of digitised books from the period, available as a series of page images. The site interface is available in French only. Whilst the site has aspirations to include 2000 items over the coming years, there remains a considerable amount of work to achieve this target.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=r3d100011169&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=r3d100011169&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu
- Institutional Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:EURECOM Computers and IT, Social Sciences GeneralEURECOMOAI-PMH URL: http://www.eurecom.fr/oai/oai2.php
Some items are not available as full-text. The site interface is available in French and English.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::68b1fbe7f16e4ae3024973f12f3cb313&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::68b1fbe7f16e4ae3024973f12f3cb313&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:INIST-CNRS MultidisciplinaryINIST-CNRSOAI-PMH URL: http://www.opengrey.eu/oai/
This site provides access to Grey Literature from Europe. The interface is available in French and English. This site replaces OpenSIGLE. The content is available in a variety of European languages.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::100d9f30ca54b18d14821dc88fea0631&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::100d9f30ca54b18d14821dc88fea0631&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Paris Dauphine University Mathematics and Statistics, Business and Economics, Law and PoliticsParis Dauphine University
This repository gives access to all the scientific publications and documents produced by the institution. The interface is in French.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::5129a5ddcd0dcd755232baa04c231698&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::5129a5ddcd0dcd755232baa04c231698&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Data Repository European Union, Netherlands, Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:ICOS ERIC, WUR, Lund University Geosciences (including Geography), Natural Sciences, Atmospheric Science and OceanographyICOS ERIC,WUR,Lund University
re3data: r3d100012203
ICOS Carbon Portal offers free access to high-quality and standardised greenhouse gas data, as well as to scientific and educational products and services. The Carbon Portal is a ‘one-stop shop’ for all ICOS data products. Carbon Portal manages data security, enforcement of the ICOS data policy, with user-friendly (and machine-friendly) internet- and other computer-network based interfaces. It organises long-term archiving of ICOS data products to guarantee their safe storage, future access and easy re-use. FAIR data handling is the key for the high ICOS data quality. ICOS has created a transparent, documented and reproducible process throughout the data life cycle: from the measurements at the station via the Thematic Centres and the ICOS Carbon Portal to the user. All data distributed from the stations and going through the Central Facilities, are distributed in Carbon Portal. We are following the international developments in FAIR data management to build interoperable systems and make ICOS data free available in a transparent way. The Carbon Portal is hosted by the Lund University in Sweden and Wageningen University in the Netherlands.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25504/fairsharing.p9sgt0&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.25504/fairsharing.p9sgt0&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:BTH MultidisciplinaryBTHOAI-PMH URL: http://bth.diva-portal.org/dice/oai
This site is a university repository providing access to the publication output of the institution. The research at BTH spans across a diversity of subject areas, from technology to planning, humanities, business administration and health. Some items are not available via Open Access and are only available as metadata (bibliographic record) entries. The site interface is available in English or Swedish.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::7f1de29e6da19d22b51c68001e7e0e54&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::7f1de29e6da19d22b51c68001e7e0e54&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:SLU Agriculture, Food and VeterinarySLUOAI-PMH URL: http://pub.epsilon.slu.se/cgi/oai2
This is an institutional repository. The site interface is available in English or Swedish. Users may set up RSS feeds to be alerted to new content.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::41bfd20a38bb1b0bec75acf0845530a7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::41bfd20a38bb1b0bec75acf0845530a7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Konstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design) Arts and Humanities General, Fine and Performing ArtsKonstfack (University College of Arts, Crafts and Design)OAI-PMH URL: http://konstfack.diva-portal.org/dice/oai
This site provides access to the research output of the institution. The site interface is available in Swedish, Norwegian and English. Some items are not available as full-text.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::fea9c11c4ad9a395a636ed944a28b51a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::fea9c11c4ad9a395a636ed944a28b51a&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Institutional Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:GU MultidisciplinaryGUOAI-PMH URL: https://gupea.ub.gu.se/dspace-oai/request
This is an institutional repository providing access to the research output of the institution. Users may set up RSS feeds to be alerted to new content. The interface is available in English and Swedish.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::09c6c3783b4a70054da74f2538ed47c6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::09c6c3783b4a70054da74f2538ed47c6&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository Sweden Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Electronic Publishing Library and Information ScienceElectronic PublishingOAI-PMH URL: http://elpub.architexturez.net/oai-pmh
This a repository of e-papers which have been presented at the ELPUB conferences. They are all openly accessible.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::2e7ceec8361275c4e31fee5fe422740b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=opendoar____::2e7ceec8361275c4e31fee5fe422740b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu - Thematic Repository France Compatibility:OpenAIRE Basic (DRIVER OA)Partners:Université François-Rabelais Tours Arts and Humanities GeneralUniversité François-Rabelais Tours
re3data: r3d100011169
OAI-PMH URL: http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/oai2/oai2.phpThis subject based repository collects and provides information relating to the humanities and the period of the Renaissance in particular. Principal materials are a wide range of digitised books from the period, available as a series of page images. The site interface is available in French only. Whilst the site has aspirations to include 2000 items over the coming years, there remains a considerable amount of work to achieve this target.
All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=r3d100011169&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eumore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=r3d100011169&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu