Today, the European Union?s steel sector is a modern industry with its main customer base found within the EU home markets, particularly in high-end segments. However, challenges remain to keep the EU steel sector both competitive at a global level and climate-neutral, in line with the European Green Deal and the CleanSteel Partnership?s vision. The scrap usage in steelmaking is a common practice to improve the process? sustainability, as it decreases the use of virgin raw materials and boosts the circularity of the sector (decreasing CO2 emissions and electivity consumption). Nevertheless, the current trend in the EU scrap market points at a slight decrease in the pre-consumer scrap and an increase in the short- and long-term of the post-consumer scrap stream, due to an increase in steel consumption. Nowadays, these ?low-quality? scrap streams are not suitable for most applications, thus limiting their use in steelmaking. In order to increase the steel scrap recycling capacity and energy efficiency, while keeping EU competitive and safe in terms of raw materials imports, energy consumption and climate change impact, innovative technologies to ?clean? the scrap before it reaches the steel furnaces need to be implemented. CAESAR gathers up steelmakers, technology developers and research centers in a joint effort to validate, at full-size industrial scale, integrated scrap upgrading, sorting and characterization technologies, thus enabling to untap volumes of low-quality scrap streams in Europe, while keeping a high-quality product and generating valorization routes for all the non-ferrous fractions obtained, towards a zero waste steel sector.

3D project aims mainly at demonstrating DMXTM CO2 Capture technology in AMF’s Dunkirk (FR) steel mill on an industrial pilot plant (0.5 tCO2/hr.), bringing TRL from 4 to 7, with 76% of requested EU budget (14,8M€). DMXTM will give Europe an edge in cost, environmental- and energy-efficient recovery of CO2. Downstream requirements are fully considered in studies of conditioning, transport and storage in North Sea aquifers. Waste Heat Recovery well combined with DMXTM process will allow reaching unprecedent CO2 Capture cost under 40 €/tCO2. Environmental, societal and stakeholder’s expectations are dealt from the beginning and all-along the project to ensure capability of deploying the CCS cluster on Dunkirk territory. DMXB solvent production will be optimised industrially and environmentally, through LCA. 3D project is based on an EU holistic approach, building on previous an on-going CCS projects where many 3D partners are involved. 2025 full-scale CCS plant of 1 Mt CO2/y will be implemented from end of 3D project which will be an embryo of the future CCS cluster Dunkirk-North Sea 2035 (10 MtCO2/y). It is a major step in the transformation of energy- and CO2-intensive industries such as steel towards EU targets, with opportunities of job creation all along the CO2 CCS chain, notably for Dunkirk region economies and EU storage Hubs. 3D RTD and engineering providers would develop new markets aside from existing Oil & Gas, smoothing environmental and energy-depletion transition. Furthermore, quality of recovered CO2 through DMXTM process is compatible with food-grade markets. The project success relies on of a highly skilled and experienced consortium involving the complete chain of CCS and key transversal skills (LCA, SSH, KPI/TRL/cost assessment). 11 complementary partners from 6 European countries, of 2 academics (ETHZ, DTU), 4 technology providers (AP, GASSCO, IFPEN, UETIKON), 3 engineering companies (AXENS, John Cockerill, BREVIK), 2 end-users (AMF, TotalEnergies OneTech).