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  • SDSN - Greece
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    Authors: Navez, Brigitte; Cottet, Valentine; Tisiot, Raphaël; Causse, Mathilde; +1 Authors
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    Authors: Solène LEMICHEZ;

    Within the framework of the European project LIVESEED, this study aims at establishing the influence of the type of pruning applied to trees in an agroforestry system and of the grown variety of tomato on the composition of the tomato root microbiome, as well as the effect of the microbiome's structuration on the physical-biochemical quality of tomatoes. The results show an effect of pruning intensity on the biochemical profile of tomatoes, which have higher amounts of sugars, vitamin C and phenolic compounds in the non agroforestry control environment, and higher concentrations of acids under tree shade. The two tomato varieties tested (Rose de Berne and Coeur de Boeuf) have different biochemical profiles, resulting from farmer selection. The fungal communities are little influenced by the tomato variety but reveal different assemblages depending on the intensity of tree pruning, both at the community and phyla levels (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Glomeromycetes). These differentiations are explained from an ecological point of view in order to lead to a better understanding of plant-microorganism interactions in agroforestry systems. The correlations between the physico-biochemical quality of the fruits and the structuration of the mycobiome show an impact of the diversity of Ascomycetes and the specific richness of Glomeromycetes on the biochemical profile of tomatoes. The results are discussed under the holobionte hypothesis and its influence on plant breeding, in connection with on-farm selection.

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    Authors: Henri Gorioux;

    L'objectif de cette étude est de comparer deux stratégies de création de populations de blé tendre génétiquement diversifiées : la composite cross population (CCP) et la population dynamique (PopDyn), en termes d'évolution de la diversité au cours du temps et de potentiel agronomique. En plus de l'influence de la stratégie, l'impact du lieu et de la sélection humaine est étudié. The objective of the study is to compare two strategies of creation of soft wheat population genetically diversified : composite cross population (CCP) and dynamic population (PopDyn), in terms of evolution of the diversity though time and agronomic potential. Also, the influence of the environment as well as the influence of human's selection on the population is studied.

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    Organic Eprints
    Thesis . 2019
    Data sources: Organic Eprints
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      Organic Eprints
      Thesis . 2019
      Data sources: Organic Eprints
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    Authors: Arncken, Christine;

    Bio Suisse n’autorisera plus, à partir de 2022, que 100 % d’aliments bio suisses pour les ruminants. Il en résultera une hausse de la demande de légumineuses à graines, dont font aussi partie les lupins. Le lupin (bleu) à folioles étroites a besoin de sols sans calcaire (pH inférieur à 6,5). Deux nouvelles variétés de lupin blanc sont prometteuses.

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    Authors: Larroque, Helene; Lagriffoul, Gilles; Combasteix, Audrey; Rolland, Aude; +1 Authors

    National audience

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    Authors: Issanchou, Sylvie;

    National audience; Le projet européen HabEat (2010-2014), coordonné par l’Inra de Dijon et réunissant 10 partenaires, nous a aidé à mieux comprendre comment les comportements alimentaires et les préférences alimentaires se forment durant les premières années de la vie.

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    Authors: Bazin, Sara;

    Apport de la géophysique multi-méthodes aux risques naturels Présentée à Brest le 11 janvier 2021

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    Hyper Article en Ligne
    Other literature type . 2021
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      Hyper Article en Ligne
      Other literature type . 2021
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    Authors: Belghit, Khadidja Ikram;

    Très peu de données sont aujourd’hui disponibles sur le rôle des nutriments et de leurs interactions in vivo dans la régulation de l’autophagie. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc d’étudier l’effet de la qualité nutritionnelle de l’aliment sur le contrôle de cette fonction cellulaire. Une première étude a permis de montrer que les différents ratios en protéines et en glucides influencent significativement les mécanismes de contrôle de l’autophagie dans le muscle de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ces résultats ont été renforcés par une étude sur culture primaire de myoblaste de truite montrant que l’addition d’acides aminés dans le milieu de culture inhibe l’autophagie alors que le glucose à un effet inverse (article 1). Une seconde étude a porté sur la fraction protéique de l’aliment et notamment sur la teneur en méthionine, dont le niveau est trop faible dans les aliments pour poissons à base de végétaux. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la machinerie autophagosomale mais également les principaux facteurs du renouvellement des protéines musculaires sont sensible aux variations de la teneur en méthionine de l’aliment et que la réponse qui en résulte peut fortement affecter la croissance (article 2). L’ensemble des données obtenues dans les deux premières études reposaient sur la mesure du taux d’un marqueur de l’autophagie (LC3-II) qui est à la fois produite et dégradée au cours du processus (flux) autophagique. Ainsi, dans l’optique de préciser les résultats obtenus dans les deux premiers articles, une troisième étude a été effectuée afin de déterminer s’il est possible de bloquer le flux autophagique dans le muscle de truite par l’emploi de différents agents pharmacologiques (inhibiteurs du flux autophagique). Il s’agissait également de déterminer les limites de l’utilisation de tels inhibiteurs chez cette espèce. Les essais effectués n’ont pas permis de mesurer le flux autophagique dans le muscle. En revanche, l’injection intrapéritonéale de colchicine a bien bloqué le flux autophagique dans le foie, ouvrant ainsi un nouveau champ d’investigations sur le rôle de l’autophagie dans le métabolisme intermédiaire. En conclusion, l’ensemble de ces travaux montre que l’autophagie n’est pas uniquement sensible à l’état nutritionnel (jeûne/nourris) mais également à la nature des aliments consommés. Outre leurs intérêts agronomique et thérapeutique, ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’action de l’autophagie au niveau cellulaire et métabolique mais également de son rôle dans l’adaptation des espèces au cours l’évolution Few data has been published on the role of nutrients and their interactions in vivo in the regulation of autophagy. The main objective of this thesis was therefore to characterize the response of the autophagic/lysosomal pathway to the macronutrients composition of the diets. The first study showed that different ratio of proteins and carbohydrates in the diet significantly affect the controls of autophagy in the muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These results were strengthened by study on primary culture of trout myoblasts showing that the addition of amino acids in cell culture medium inhibited the formation of autophagosomes, whereas the addition of glucose had an opposite effect (paper 1). A second study focused on the protein fraction of the diet and specifically on the content of methionine, whose the levels are low in fish feed plant-based diets. The obtained results showed that both autophagy machinery and the main factors of muscle protein turnover are significantly sensitive to change in dietary methionine levels and the resulting response may strongly affect growth and feed utilization (paper 2). The data obtained in these two first studies were based on measuring the level of autophagy marker (LC3-II), which is both produced and degraded during autophagic (flux) process. Thus, in view to clarify the results obtained in the two first studies, we conducted a third study to determine whether it is possible to block the autophagic flux in trout muscle by using different lysosomotropic agents (autophagic flux inhibitors). The objective was also to determine the limits of autophagic flux inhibitors utilisation in vivo. Different tests failed to measure autophagic flux in the muscle of rainbow trout. In contrast, intraperitoneal injection of colchicine blocked the autophagic flux in the liver. This study allowed us to investigate the function of autophagy in the intermediary metabolism. In conclusion, these studies show that autophagy is not only sensitive to the nutritional status (fasting/fed) but also to the nature of the consumed diets. In addition to their therapeutic and agricultural interests, these results open new perspectives to better understand the mechanisms of autophagy at metabolic and cellular level but also its role in the adaptation of species during evolution.

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    Authors: Czernichowski-Lauriol, Isabelle;

    CO2 capture and storage is a promising emerging technology. It forms part of all energy scenarios to 2050 that enable the massive CO2 emissions reduction needed for limiting global warming to 2°C. Since 1993, much progress has been made on the scientific, economic, regulatory and societal aspects. So, where do we stand now in Europe and in France, especially on storage, which is the current cornerstone? Will we be ready for progressive commercial deployment from 2020?

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    Authors: Camille MADEC;

    This INCOVER presentation was given by OIEau during CYCL’EAU show in Bordeaux, in April 2019. This show was an opportunity to meet water stakeholders of Adour-Garonne region. Public and private utilities attended this show, as well as technology providers, etc. This presentation introduces each technology developed within INCOVER project, according to the kind of bioproducts obtained.

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35 Research products
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    Authors: Navez, Brigitte; Cottet, Valentine; Tisiot, Raphaël; Causse, Mathilde; +1 Authors
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    Authors: Solène LEMICHEZ;

    Within the framework of the European project LIVESEED, this study aims at establishing the influence of the type of pruning applied to trees in an agroforestry system and of the grown variety of tomato on the composition of the tomato root microbiome, as well as the effect of the microbiome's structuration on the physical-biochemical quality of tomatoes. The results show an effect of pruning intensity on the biochemical profile of tomatoes, which have higher amounts of sugars, vitamin C and phenolic compounds in the non agroforestry control environment, and higher concentrations of acids under tree shade. The two tomato varieties tested (Rose de Berne and Coeur de Boeuf) have different biochemical profiles, resulting from farmer selection. The fungal communities are little influenced by the tomato variety but reveal different assemblages depending on the intensity of tree pruning, both at the community and phyla levels (Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Glomeromycetes). These differentiations are explained from an ecological point of view in order to lead to a better understanding of plant-microorganism interactions in agroforestry systems. The correlations between the physico-biochemical quality of the fruits and the structuration of the mycobiome show an impact of the diversity of Ascomycetes and the specific richness of Glomeromycetes on the biochemical profile of tomatoes. The results are discussed under the holobionte hypothesis and its influence on plant breeding, in connection with on-farm selection.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Henri Gorioux;

    L'objectif de cette étude est de comparer deux stratégies de création de populations de blé tendre génétiquement diversifiées : la composite cross population (CCP) et la population dynamique (PopDyn), en termes d'évolution de la diversité au cours du temps et de potentiel agronomique. En plus de l'influence de la stratégie, l'impact du lieu et de la sélection humaine est étudié. The objective of the study is to compare two strategies of creation of soft wheat population genetically diversified : composite cross population (CCP) and dynamic population (PopDyn), in terms of evolution of the diversity though time and agronomic potential. Also, the influence of the environment as well as the influence of human's selection on the population is studied.

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    Organic Eprints
    Thesis . 2019
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      Organic Eprints
      Thesis . 2019
      Data sources: Organic Eprints
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Arncken, Christine;

    Bio Suisse n’autorisera plus, à partir de 2022, que 100 % d’aliments bio suisses pour les ruminants. Il en résultera une hausse de la demande de légumineuses à graines, dont font aussi partie les lupins. Le lupin (bleu) à folioles étroites a besoin de sols sans calcaire (pH inférieur à 6,5). Deux nouvelles variétés de lupin blanc sont prometteuses.

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    Authors: Larroque, Helene; Lagriffoul, Gilles; Combasteix, Audrey; Rolland, Aude; +1 Authors

    National audience

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    Authors: Issanchou, Sylvie;

    National audience; Le projet européen HabEat (2010-2014), coordonné par l’Inra de Dijon et réunissant 10 partenaires, nous a aidé à mieux comprendre comment les comportements alimentaires et les préférences alimentaires se forment durant les premières années de la vie.

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    Authors: Bazin, Sara;

    Apport de la géophysique multi-méthodes aux risques naturels Présentée à Brest le 11 janvier 2021

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    Authors: Belghit, Khadidja Ikram;

    Très peu de données sont aujourd’hui disponibles sur le rôle des nutriments et de leurs interactions in vivo dans la régulation de l’autophagie. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc d’étudier l’effet de la qualité nutritionnelle de l’aliment sur le contrôle de cette fonction cellulaire. Une première étude a permis de montrer que les différents ratios en protéines et en glucides influencent significativement les mécanismes de contrôle de l’autophagie dans le muscle de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ces résultats ont été renforcés par une étude sur culture primaire de myoblaste de truite montrant que l’addition d’acides aminés dans le milieu de culture inhibe l’autophagie alors que le glucose à un effet inverse (article 1). Une seconde étude a porté sur la fraction protéique de l’aliment et notamment sur la teneur en méthionine, dont le niveau est trop faible dans les aliments pour poissons à base de végétaux. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la machinerie autophagosomale mais également les principaux facteurs du renouvellement des protéines musculaires sont sensible aux variations de la teneur en méthionine de l’aliment et que la réponse qui en résulte peut fortement affecter la croissance (article 2). L’ensemble des données obtenues dans les deux premières études reposaient sur la mesure du taux d’un marqueur de l’autophagie (LC3-II) qui est à la fois produite et dégradée au cours du processus (flux) autophagique. Ainsi, dans l’optique de préciser les résultats obtenus dans les deux premiers articles, une troisième étude a été effectuée afin de déterminer s’il est possible de bloquer le flux autophagique dans le muscle de truite par l’emploi de différents agents pharmacologiques (inhibiteurs du flux autophagique). Il s’agissait également de déterminer les limites de l’utilisation de tels inhibiteurs chez cette espèce. Les essais effectués n’ont pas permis de mesurer le flux autophagique dans le muscle. En revanche, l’injection intrapéritonéale de colchicine a bien bloqué le flux autophagique dans le foie, ouvrant ainsi un nouveau champ d’investigations sur le rôle de l’autophagie dans le métabolisme intermédiaire. En conclusion, l’ensemble de ces travaux montre que l’autophagie n’est pas uniquement sensible à l’état nutritionnel (jeûne/nourris) mais également à la nature des aliments consommés. Outre leurs intérêts agronomique et thérapeutique, ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d’action de l’autophagie au niveau cellulaire et métabolique mais également de son rôle dans l’adaptation des espèces au cours l’évolution Few data has been published on the role of nutrients and their interactions in vivo in the regulation of autophagy. The main objective of this thesis was therefore to characterize the response of the autophagic/lysosomal pathway to the macronutrients composition of the diets. The first study showed that different ratio of proteins and carbohydrates in the diet significantly affect the controls of autophagy in the muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). These results were strengthened by study on primary culture of trout myoblasts showing that the addition of amino acids in cell culture medium inhibited the formation of autophagosomes, whereas the addition of glucose had an opposite effect (paper 1). A second study focused on the protein fraction of the diet and specifically on the content of methionine, whose the levels are low in fish feed plant-based diets. The obtained results showed that both autophagy machinery and the main factors of muscle protein turnover are significantly sensitive to change in dietary methionine levels and the resulting response may strongly affect growth and feed utilization (paper 2). The data obtained in these two first studies were based on measuring the level of autophagy marker (LC3-II), which is both produced and degraded during autophagic (flux) process. Thus, in view to clarify the results obtained in the two first studies, we conducted a third study to determine whether it is possible to block the autophagic flux in trout muscle by using different lysosomotropic agents (autophagic flux inhibitors). The objective was also to determine the limits of autophagic flux inhibitors utilisation in vivo. Different tests failed to measure autophagic flux in the muscle of rainbow trout. In contrast, intraperitoneal injection of colchicine blocked the autophagic flux in the liver. This study allowed us to investigate the function of autophagy in the intermediary metabolism. In conclusion, these studies show that autophagy is not only sensitive to the nutritional status (fasting/fed) but also to the nature of the consumed diets. In addition to their therapeutic and agricultural interests, these results open new perspectives to better understand the mechanisms of autophagy at metabolic and cellular level but also its role in the adaptation of species during evolution.

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