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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Matteo Giuliani; Wyatt Arnold; Jazmin Zatarain Salazar; Angelo Carlino; +1 Authors

    A resurgence of dam planning and construction is under way in several river basins where untapped hydropower potential could meet growing energy demands. In Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration. Yet, hydropower expansion is a contentious issue given the uncertainty in water and energy demand as well as the negative impacts of these infrastructures on other sectors. Despite calls for a more comprehensive evaluation of hydropower projects, most dams continue to be planned with traditional methods that neglect interdependencies between planning and management and the cumulative impacts of multiple new dams. Here, we use the transboundary Zambezi Watercourse in southern Africa to present a novel dam planning approach that integrates sequencing of planned reservoirs with adaptive, multipurpose operations to address increasing and competing demands for water, energy, and food in the region.Results show how seeking compromise through operations while constructing dams early improves environmental and irrigation objectives by 50% and 80%, with an 8% loss in hydropower compared to an operation and sequencing strategy that singularly maximizes hydropower. Alternatively, seeking compromise only through delayed dam construction yields modest environmental and irrigation improvements of 6% and 9%, respectively, with a 22% loss in hydropower. Our findings indicate that while additional hydropower capacity reduces structural energy deficits, operating policies emerge as the main driver of human-environmental tradeoffs. Consequently, traditional single-objective operating policy selection may lead to erroneous perceptions of tradeoffs across infrastructure options. The robustness of this result is tested under an ensemble of stochastic hydrologic projections where environmental flow and irrigation deficits are found more sensitive to operations than shifts in water availability. The predominance of operating policies is relevant for improving multi-objective dam planning in other river basins already fragmented by dams built in the 20th century.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ RE.PUBLIC@POLIMI Res...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Other literature type . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mandley, Steven james; Faculteit Geowetenschappen;

    This thesis aims to advance the assessment of the future role of bioenergy as a climate mitigation option for the EU to mid-century. This is achieved by improving EU-level projections at a systematic level via accounting for the critical considerations within supply and demand dynamics across global and regional scales, traversing the full delivery-chain and attached emissions. To achieve this aim, the following research questions are addressed: 1. What is the projected role of bioenergy within EU decarbonisation strategies from quantitative assessment approaches, and how well do they capture 'Root-Chute' considerations? 2. To what extent could global bioenergy competition and trade constraints impact EU mitigation potential from bioenergy and vice-versa? 3. How consistent are integrated modelling assessments for bioenergy deployment with EU-level climate, energy and bioenergy-related policy targets? 4. How feasible are long-term projections for EU bioenergy deployment and mitigative potential from the perspective of logistics, scale-up, management practices and technological advancements?

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Doctoral thesis . Thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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      Doctoral thesis . Thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Max L.E. Gräfnings; Laura L. Govers; Jannes H.T. Heusinkveld; Brian R. Silliman; +3 Authors

    Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could beused as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
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    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    NARCIS; Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCISarrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: NARCIS
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Radboud Repository
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      NARCIS; Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Janne Nauta; Marjolijn J. A. Christianen; Ralph J. M. Temmink; Gregory S. Fivash; +16 Authors

    Reef-forming species form integral aspects of coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly degrading world-wide. To mitigate these declines, nature managers increasingly rely on the restoration of habitat-structuring, reef-forming species by, for example, introducing artificial reefs that may directly function as complex reef habitat. Since the use of biodegradable structures to restore biogenic reefs is becoming a popular technique, its effectiveness as reef habitat must be assessed. Therefore, we examine the trophic complexity on experimental large-scale biodegradable artificial reefs using food web network analysis. We placed biodegradable artificial reefs on soft-sediment intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea in a large-scale (~650 m) and 2.5-year-long experiment. We compared food web networks and biodiversity indicators between biodegradable reefs and bare controls and quantified species composition inside and near the artificial reef community to assess the expansion of the reef community. During 2.5 years, we observed that artificial reefs changed food web networks compared to bare controls: in species richness (+76%), link density (the number of interactions per species; +15%) and the fraction of basal species (species of lowest trophic level; +40%), but lowered the connectance: the realized fraction of all possible links between species (−33%). Their effects on food web networks increased over time with a higher species richness (+22%) and more complex food web (link density +13%) on the artificial reef 2.5 years after deployment compared to 1.5 years. However, the effects of the reefs did not extend beyond the reef structures; the species composition and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos near the reefs were comparable to the control. Synthesis and applications. This study shows that biodegradable artificial reefs offer an effective tool for the restoration of food web complexity and biodiversity of intertidal soft-sediment systems. However, application needs to be carefully considered as the reef-building species did not expand beyond our structures, despite the ambitious spatial extent of this experiment. Therefore, we recommend restoration practitioners to design artificial reefs in such a way that they generate ecosystem connectivity (facilitation of higher trophic levels) and biogeomorphological effects on a landscape scale (reef expansion beyond the structures).

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    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    Journal of Applied Ecology
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    NARCIS
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2023
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      Journal of Applied Ecology
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: NARCIS
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      NARCIS
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Siteur, Koen; Liu, Quan-Xing; Rottschäfer, Vivi; Heide, Tjisse van der; +6 Authors

    Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular patterns observed in, e.g., arid ecosystems or mussel beds. Here, we highlight an alternative mechanism for self-organized patterns, based on the aggregation of a biotic or abiotic species, such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Using a generalized mathematical model, we demonstrate that ecosystems with aggregation-driven patterns have fundamentally different dynamics and resilience properties than ecosystems with patterns that formed through scale-dependent feedbacks. Building on the physics theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy ecosystems with aggregation patterns are more vulnerable than systems with patterns formed through scale-dependent feedbacks, especially at small spatial scales. This is because local disturbances can trigger large-scale redistribution of resources, amplifying local degradation. Finally, we show that insights from physics, by providing mechanistic understanding of the initiation of aggregation patterns and their tendency to coarsen, provide a new indicator framework to signal proximity to ecological tipping points and subsequent ecosystem degradation for this class of patchy ecosystems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    NARCIS; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      NARCIS; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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    Authors: Max L. E. Gräfnings; Jannes H. T. Heusinkveld; Dieuwke J. J. Hoeijmakers; Quirin Smeele; +4 Authors

    Due to the major declines of seagrasses worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective restoration methods and strategies. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, intertidal seagrass restoration has proven very challenging, despite numerous restoration trials with different restoration methods. Recently, however, the first field trial performed with a newly developed “dispenser injection seeding” method (DIS) resulted in record-high plant densities and seed recruitment. Here, we present the further development of the methodology and consequently improved restoration results. During two consecutive growing seasons, we honed the seeding technique and experimentally investigated how seeding depth (2/4 cm), injection density (25/100 injects/m2), and seed amount (2/20 seeds/inject) affected restoration of intertidal annual Zostera marina. We found that all variables had a significant impact on plant establishment. Seeding deeper (4 cm) had the largest positive effect on restored plant densities, while lowered seed densities (2 seeds/inject) had the largest positive impact on seed recruitment. The optimized DIS method, combined with an altered placement of the seeding hole, resulted in a 50-fold increase in restored plant densities (from approximately 1 to 57 plants/m2) and a simultaneous increase in seed recruitment (from 0.3 to 11.4%). These improvements stem from the method's ability to counteract a recruitment bottleneck, where seeds are lost through hydrodynamic forcing. The methodological improvements described here are important steps toward restoring self-sustaining seagrass populations in the future and our study demonstrates the high potential of the seed-based DIS method for seagrass restoration.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Restoration Ecology
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: Radboud Repository
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    Restoration Ecology
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Restoration Ecology
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: NARCIS
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: Radboud Repository
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Restoration Ecology
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Authors: Aguilar Hernandez, G.A.; Kleijn, E.G.M.; Mancheri, N.; Loibl, A.; +1 Authors

    An array of technologies is expected to contribute to the energy and circular transitions in multiple sectors, such as transport, energy, and electronics and telecommunications. These sectors are considered key sectors for achieving climate targets due to their role on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The widespread use of technologies will require increased amounts raw materials and may strain the established supply chains for some of these. There is interest in critical raw materials (CRMs) that have major economic relevance and face comparatively high supply risks in specific economies. Identifying the future CRM demand in the key sectors is essential to implement strategies that can mitigate potential disruptions and helps to improve resilience in the relevant supply chains.This working paper provides an overview of the CRM demand of 11 key technologies that are expected to contribute to the development of transport, energy, electronics, and telecommunication sectors. Moreover, the working paper discusses the links between the selected sectors, and identifies further implications for the future CRM demand, such as overall CRM demand from other economic sectors and technologies, circularity potential, CRM demand from production and building infrastructure, future innovations, and supply/demand interactions.

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    Authors: Roelfsema, Mark Roelof; Section Environmental Sciences;

    Thirty years ago, countries officially agreed to the global objective to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Since then, several attempts have been made to translate this into more concrete goals and targets, including binding country reduction targets (e.g. Kyoto and Copenhagen), mostly resulting in failure. In 2015, however, the Paris Agreement formulated a global goal to keep global temperature increase well below 2oC and pursue efforts to keep it below 1.5oC above pre-industrial levels. Ultimately, climate policies need to be implemented at the national level. This thesis examines how national actions can be aligned with global goals and routes to enhance ambition and implementation. First, it shows an ambition gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement and pathways compatible with the cost-optimal implementation of the global Paris goals. Second, it also indicates an implementation gap where current implemented policies at the national level are not even achieving the NDCs by 2030. To stay on track for achieving the Paris goals, total greenhouse gas emissions need to decrease by 35-45% relative to current policy implementation by 2030. Two routes were explored that could enhance ambition and implementation. One possible route is to enhance action from non-state actors such as cities, regions and businesses. They collectively pledge ambitious reduction targets in international cooperative initiatives, but individual actions to make these ambition concrete seem less strong. The contribution of these actions is estimated to decrease emissions between 1-2 GtCO2eq by 2030 relative to current policies. However, assessing the combined impact of national and non-state action is difficult as it depends on assumptions concerning overlap and the additionality of climate actions. Another route is to increase ambition by enhancing policy learning and replicate successful sectoral policies in different parts of the world. If nine successful sector policies could be replicated globally, this could half the emissions gap between current policies and the Paris goals by 2030. These examples include for example fuel efficiency standards and building codes. The presented results were obtained with scenarios created using integrated assessment models. Since the Paris Agreement, the main focus of climate policy assessments with these models has been changing from ‘where do we go’ to ‘how do we get there’. Including explicit representation of government policies and non-state climate actions in the models is the first step in this process. To support these assessments, a climate policy framework was developed that maps different stages from the climate policy cycle to specific scenarios with increasing policy stringency. In the current phase of climate policy, it is important to regularly update the policy scenario results to support the climate negotiations and to further include insights on policy implementation from social sciences such as sociology, psychology and political science.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.33540/1489...
    Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
      Data sources: NARCIS
      https://doi.org/10.33540/1489...
      Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vera Concha, Ivan Camilo; Biobased Economy;

    Biomass supply for bioenergy production is recognized as a crucial strategy to meet climate targets, avoid adverse impacts from climate change and contribute to the transition to a sustainable energy system. In addition, biomass-derived products are also expected to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in other sectors (e.g., chemical sector). Despite the potential benefits of bio-based value chains, there are still sustainability risks associated with biomass production, especially related to Land Use Change (LUC) and supply chain configuration. This thesis presents the sustainability assessments of existing and novel bio-based value chains, in bio-based materials, electricity and advance-fuels, under context-specific conditions. In addition, it explores how the sustainability performance is shaped by context-specific conditions, the sustainability synergies and trade-offs arising from biomass production and supply chain configuration, and how the context-specific conditions influence sustainable biomass potentials. It also provides a novel framework that allows to combine spatial data on land use transitions, biophysical characteristics and other contexts-specific conditions to determine sustainability impacts at various regional or national scales. The results show that biomass potentials and sustainability impacts of bio-based value chains depend on context-specific conditions and are determined largely by LUC. It is shown that to minimize sustainability trade-offs it is important to consider context-specific conditions, prioritizing firstly, land use transitions and secondly, feedstock types. Furthermore, the novel framework is a significant step forward in understanding and assessing the sustainability impacts of feedstock production and other stages in bio-based value chains.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.33540/1423...
    Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      https://doi.org/10.33540/1423...
      Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Hummel H.[1; 2]; Kalle V.[1]; Bienfait L.[1]; +27 Authors

    Assessing the environmental status of Protected Areas (PAs) is a challenging issue. To indicate that status, the identification of a common set of variables that are scientifically sound, and easy to assess and monitor by the PA practitioners, is particularly important. In this study, a set of 27 Essential Variables (EVs) for PA management was selected in a bottom-up process from 67 harmonised variables that describe the status of Ecosystem Functions and Structures, Ecosystem Services, and Threats in PAs. This bottom-up process involved 27 internationally recognised PAs, mostly European, with different level of protection, different extent, and a wide range of human-nature interactions. The EVs were selected by more than 120 practitioners, i.e. PA managers and rangers, as well as scientists, working in terrestrial and aquatic PAs. Across both terrestrial and aquatic PAs, scientists and practitioners largely identified the same variables as important. Data availability for these 27 EVs varied between PAs and av eraged 67% across all studied PAs. As this set of EVs for PAs is defined through a bottom-up approach considering variables already in use both in management and research, it is more than for previous EVs likely to be adopted, applied and developed to record the status and changes in the ecological and socio-economic conditions of PAs and to forecast future changes. Thereby, the EVs for PAs present a common vocabulary and tool to enhance in a uniform way the (inter)national communication, exchange and comparison of information on the status of PAs between policy makers, scientists and PA managers. The perceived status of the EVs, on an average 3.6 on a scale to a maximum of 5, indicates the surveyed PAs are in a moderate to good environmental condition. Moreover, the EVs for PAs form a cost- and time-efficient tool for PA managers to monitor developments in essential elements of their PAs, including the potential for Societal Goods and Benefits (SG&B), and to (pro-)actively tackle the potential threats that may arise in their area. Likewise, for policy makers EVs for PAs may support decision making on ecosystem management, spatial planning, and predictive modelling on the future status and requirements of PAs in their country or region. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 14 ISSN:2665-9727

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mémoires en Sciences...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mémoires en Sciences...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Matteo Giuliani; Wyatt Arnold; Jazmin Zatarain Salazar; Angelo Carlino; +1 Authors

    A resurgence of dam planning and construction is under way in several river basins where untapped hydropower potential could meet growing energy demands. In Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration. Yet, hydropower expansion is a contentious issue given the uncertainty in water and energy demand as well as the negative impacts of these infrastructures on other sectors. Despite calls for a more comprehensive evaluation of hydropower projects, most dams continue to be planned with traditional methods that neglect interdependencies between planning and management and the cumulative impacts of multiple new dams. Here, we use the transboundary Zambezi Watercourse in southern Africa to present a novel dam planning approach that integrates sequencing of planned reservoirs with adaptive, multipurpose operations to address increasing and competing demands for water, energy, and food in the region.Results show how seeking compromise through operations while constructing dams early improves environmental and irrigation objectives by 50% and 80%, with an 8% loss in hydropower compared to an operation and sequencing strategy that singularly maximizes hydropower. Alternatively, seeking compromise only through delayed dam construction yields modest environmental and irrigation improvements of 6% and 9%, respectively, with a 22% loss in hydropower. Our findings indicate that while additional hydropower capacity reduces structural energy deficits, operating policies emerge as the main driver of human-environmental tradeoffs. Consequently, traditional single-objective operating policy selection may lead to erroneous perceptions of tradeoffs across infrastructure options. The robustness of this result is tested under an ensemble of stochastic hydrologic projections where environmental flow and irrigation deficits are found more sensitive to operations than shifts in water availability. The predominance of operating policies is relevant for improving multi-objective dam planning in other river basins already fragmented by dams built in the 20th century.

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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Mandley, Steven james; Faculteit Geowetenschappen;

    This thesis aims to advance the assessment of the future role of bioenergy as a climate mitigation option for the EU to mid-century. This is achieved by improving EU-level projections at a systematic level via accounting for the critical considerations within supply and demand dynamics across global and regional scales, traversing the full delivery-chain and attached emissions. To achieve this aim, the following research questions are addressed: 1. What is the projected role of bioenergy within EU decarbonisation strategies from quantitative assessment approaches, and how well do they capture 'Root-Chute' considerations? 2. To what extent could global bioenergy competition and trade constraints impact EU mitigation potential from bioenergy and vice-versa? 3. How consistent are integrated modelling assessments for bioenergy deployment with EU-level climate, energy and bioenergy-related policy targets? 4. How feasible are long-term projections for EU bioenergy deployment and mitigative potential from the perspective of logistics, scale-up, management practices and technological advancements?

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      Doctoral thesis . Thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Max L.E. Gräfnings; Laura L. Govers; Jannes H.T. Heusinkveld; Brian R. Silliman; +3 Authors

    Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could beused as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Ecological Indicators
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    NARCIS; Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Ecological Indicators
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      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Janne Nauta; Marjolijn J. A. Christianen; Ralph J. M. Temmink; Gregory S. Fivash; +16 Authors

    Reef-forming species form integral aspects of coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly degrading world-wide. To mitigate these declines, nature managers increasingly rely on the restoration of habitat-structuring, reef-forming species by, for example, introducing artificial reefs that may directly function as complex reef habitat. Since the use of biodegradable structures to restore biogenic reefs is becoming a popular technique, its effectiveness as reef habitat must be assessed. Therefore, we examine the trophic complexity on experimental large-scale biodegradable artificial reefs using food web network analysis. We placed biodegradable artificial reefs on soft-sediment intertidal flats in the Dutch Wadden Sea in a large-scale (~650 m) and 2.5-year-long experiment. We compared food web networks and biodiversity indicators between biodegradable reefs and bare controls and quantified species composition inside and near the artificial reef community to assess the expansion of the reef community. During 2.5 years, we observed that artificial reefs changed food web networks compared to bare controls: in species richness (+76%), link density (the number of interactions per species; +15%) and the fraction of basal species (species of lowest trophic level; +40%), but lowered the connectance: the realized fraction of all possible links between species (−33%). Their effects on food web networks increased over time with a higher species richness (+22%) and more complex food web (link density +13%) on the artificial reef 2.5 years after deployment compared to 1.5 years. However, the effects of the reefs did not extend beyond the reef structures; the species composition and biodiversity of macrozoobenthos near the reefs were comparable to the control. Synthesis and applications. This study shows that biodegradable artificial reefs offer an effective tool for the restoration of food web complexity and biodiversity of intertidal soft-sediment systems. However, application needs to be carefully considered as the reef-building species did not expand beyond our structures, despite the ambitious spatial extent of this experiment. Therefore, we recommend restoration practitioners to design artificial reefs in such a way that they generate ecosystem connectivity (facilitation of higher trophic levels) and biogeomorphological effects on a landscape scale (reef expansion beyond the structures).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Journal of Applied Ecology
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      Radboud Repository
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      Journal of Applied Ecology
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Siteur, Koen; Liu, Quan-Xing; Rottschäfer, Vivi; Heide, Tjisse van der; +6 Authors

    Spatial self-organization of ecosystems into large-scale (from micron to meters) patterns is an important phenomenon in ecology, enabling organisms to cope with harsh environmental conditions and buffering ecosystem degradation. Scale-dependent feedbacks provide the predominant conceptual framework for self-organized spatial patterns, explaining regular patterns observed in, e.g., arid ecosystems or mussel beds. Here, we highlight an alternative mechanism for self-organized patterns, based on the aggregation of a biotic or abiotic species, such as herbivores, sediment, or nutrients. Using a generalized mathematical model, we demonstrate that ecosystems with aggregation-driven patterns have fundamentally different dynamics and resilience properties than ecosystems with patterns that formed through scale-dependent feedbacks. Building on the physics theory for phase-separation dynamics, we show that patchy ecosystems with aggregation patterns are more vulnerable than systems with patterns formed through scale-dependent feedbacks, especially at small spatial scales. This is because local disturbances can trigger large-scale redistribution of resources, amplifying local degradation. Finally, we show that insights from physics, by providing mechanistic understanding of the initiation of aggregation patterns and their tendency to coarsen, provide a new indicator framework to signal proximity to ecological tipping points and subsequent ecosystem degradation for this class of patchy ecosystems.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Utrecht Univ...arrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      NARCIS; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Max L. E. Gräfnings; Jannes H. T. Heusinkveld; Dieuwke J. J. Hoeijmakers; Quirin Smeele; +4 Authors

    Due to the major declines of seagrasses worldwide, there is an urgent need for effective restoration methods and strategies. In the Dutch Wadden Sea, intertidal seagrass restoration has proven very challenging, despite numerous restoration trials with different restoration methods. Recently, however, the first field trial performed with a newly developed “dispenser injection seeding” method (DIS) resulted in record-high plant densities and seed recruitment. Here, we present the further development of the methodology and consequently improved restoration results. During two consecutive growing seasons, we honed the seeding technique and experimentally investigated how seeding depth (2/4 cm), injection density (25/100 injects/m2), and seed amount (2/20 seeds/inject) affected restoration of intertidal annual Zostera marina. We found that all variables had a significant impact on plant establishment. Seeding deeper (4 cm) had the largest positive effect on restored plant densities, while lowered seed densities (2 seeds/inject) had the largest positive impact on seed recruitment. The optimized DIS method, combined with an altered placement of the seeding hole, resulted in a 50-fold increase in restored plant densities (from approximately 1 to 57 plants/m2) and a simultaneous increase in seed recruitment (from 0.3 to 11.4%). These improvements stem from the method's ability to counteract a recruitment bottleneck, where seeds are lost through hydrodynamic forcing. The methodological improvements described here are important steps toward restoring self-sustaining seagrass populations in the future and our study demonstrates the high potential of the seed-based DIS method for seagrass restoration.

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    Restoration Ecology
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    Restoration Ecology
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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      Restoration Ecology
      Article . 2023
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      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2023
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      Restoration Ecology
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Aguilar Hernandez, G.A.; Kleijn, E.G.M.; Mancheri, N.; Loibl, A.; +1 Authors

    An array of technologies is expected to contribute to the energy and circular transitions in multiple sectors, such as transport, energy, and electronics and telecommunications. These sectors are considered key sectors for achieving climate targets due to their role on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The widespread use of technologies will require increased amounts raw materials and may strain the established supply chains for some of these. There is interest in critical raw materials (CRMs) that have major economic relevance and face comparatively high supply risks in specific economies. Identifying the future CRM demand in the key sectors is essential to implement strategies that can mitigate potential disruptions and helps to improve resilience in the relevant supply chains.This working paper provides an overview of the CRM demand of 11 key technologies that are expected to contribute to the development of transport, energy, electronics, and telecommunication sectors. Moreover, the working paper discusses the links between the selected sectors, and identifies further implications for the future CRM demand, such as overall CRM demand from other economic sectors and technologies, circularity potential, CRM demand from production and building infrastructure, future innovations, and supply/demand interactions.

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    Authors: Roelfsema, Mark Roelof; Section Environmental Sciences;

    Thirty years ago, countries officially agreed to the global objective to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations at a level that would avoid dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Since then, several attempts have been made to translate this into more concrete goals and targets, including binding country reduction targets (e.g. Kyoto and Copenhagen), mostly resulting in failure. In 2015, however, the Paris Agreement formulated a global goal to keep global temperature increase well below 2oC and pursue efforts to keep it below 1.5oC above pre-industrial levels. Ultimately, climate policies need to be implemented at the national level. This thesis examines how national actions can be aligned with global goals and routes to enhance ambition and implementation. First, it shows an ambition gap between Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the Paris Agreement and pathways compatible with the cost-optimal implementation of the global Paris goals. Second, it also indicates an implementation gap where current implemented policies at the national level are not even achieving the NDCs by 2030. To stay on track for achieving the Paris goals, total greenhouse gas emissions need to decrease by 35-45% relative to current policy implementation by 2030. Two routes were explored that could enhance ambition and implementation. One possible route is to enhance action from non-state actors such as cities, regions and businesses. They collectively pledge ambitious reduction targets in international cooperative initiatives, but individual actions to make these ambition concrete seem less strong. The contribution of these actions is estimated to decrease emissions between 1-2 GtCO2eq by 2030 relative to current policies. However, assessing the combined impact of national and non-state action is difficult as it depends on assumptions concerning overlap and the additionality of climate actions. Another route is to increase ambition by enhancing policy learning and replicate successful sectoral policies in different parts of the world. If nine successful sector policies could be replicated globally, this could half the emissions gap between current policies and the Paris goals by 2030. These examples include for example fuel efficiency standards and building codes. The presented results were obtained with scenarios created using integrated assessment models. Since the Paris Agreement, the main focus of climate policy assessments with these models has been changing from ‘where do we go’ to ‘how do we get there’. Including explicit representation of government policies and non-state climate actions in the models is the first step in this process. To support these assessments, a climate policy framework was developed that maps different stages from the climate policy cycle to specific scenarios with increasing policy stringency. In the current phase of climate policy, it is important to regularly update the policy scenario results to support the climate negotiations and to further include insights on policy implementation from social sciences such as sociology, psychology and political science.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.33540/1489...
    Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Doctoral thesis . 2022
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      https://doi.org/10.33540/1489...
      Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Vera Concha, Ivan Camilo; Biobased Economy;

    Biomass supply for bioenergy production is recognized as a crucial strategy to meet climate targets, avoid adverse impacts from climate change and contribute to the transition to a sustainable energy system. In addition, biomass-derived products are also expected to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in other sectors (e.g., chemical sector). Despite the potential benefits of bio-based value chains, there are still sustainability risks associated with biomass production, especially related to Land Use Change (LUC) and supply chain configuration. This thesis presents the sustainability assessments of existing and novel bio-based value chains, in bio-based materials, electricity and advance-fuels, under context-specific conditions. In addition, it explores how the sustainability performance is shaped by context-specific conditions, the sustainability synergies and trade-offs arising from biomass production and supply chain configuration, and how the context-specific conditions influence sustainable biomass potentials. It also provides a novel framework that allows to combine spatial data on land use transitions, biophysical characteristics and other contexts-specific conditions to determine sustainability impacts at various regional or national scales. The results show that biomass potentials and sustainability impacts of bio-based value chains depend on context-specific conditions and are determined largely by LUC. It is shown that to minimize sustainability trade-offs it is important to consider context-specific conditions, prioritizing firstly, land use transitions and secondly, feedstock types. Furthermore, the novel framework is a significant step forward in understanding and assessing the sustainability impacts of feedstock production and other stages in bio-based value chains.

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    Doctoral thesis . 2022
    Data sources: NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.33540/1423...
    Thesis . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hummel H.[1; 2]; Kalle V.[1]; Bienfait L.[1]; +27 Authors

    Assessing the environmental status of Protected Areas (PAs) is a challenging issue. To indicate that status, the identification of a common set of variables that are scientifically sound, and easy to assess and monitor by the PA practitioners, is particularly important. In this study, a set of 27 Essential Variables (EVs) for PA management was selected in a bottom-up process from 67 harmonised variables that describe the status of Ecosystem Functions and Structures, Ecosystem Services, and Threats in PAs. This bottom-up process involved 27 internationally recognised PAs, mostly European, with different level of protection, different extent, and a wide range of human-nature interactions. The EVs were selected by more than 120 practitioners, i.e. PA managers and rangers, as well as scientists, working in terrestrial and aquatic PAs. Across both terrestrial and aquatic PAs, scientists and practitioners largely identified the same variables as important. Data availability for these 27 EVs varied between PAs and av eraged 67% across all studied PAs. As this set of EVs for PAs is defined through a bottom-up approach considering variables already in use both in management and research, it is more than for previous EVs likely to be adopted, applied and developed to record the status and changes in the ecological and socio-economic conditions of PAs and to forecast future changes. Thereby, the EVs for PAs present a common vocabulary and tool to enhance in a uniform way the (inter)national communication, exchange and comparison of information on the status of PAs between policy makers, scientists and PA managers. The perceived status of the EVs, on an average 3.6 on a scale to a maximum of 5, indicates the surveyed PAs are in a moderate to good environmental condition. Moreover, the EVs for PAs form a cost- and time-efficient tool for PA managers to monitor developments in essential elements of their PAs, including the potential for Societal Goods and Benefits (SG&B), and to (pro-)actively tackle the potential threats that may arise in their area. Likewise, for policy makers EVs for PAs may support decision making on ecosystem management, spatial planning, and predictive modelling on the future status and requirements of PAs in their country or region. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 14 ISSN:2665-9727

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mémoires en Sciences...arrow_drop_down
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