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  • SDSN - Greece
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  • Aquaculture

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Galimany, Eve; Lucas Forcadell, Arturo; Maynou, Francesc; Solé, Montserrat; +2 Authors

    Marine bivalves are found as key components of coastal habitats and have several important roles, such as serving as a food source for human beings and aquatic organisms. In fact, as the world's population continues to grow, bivalve aquaculture is expected to increase in importance as a means of addressing demands for animal protein; however, its growth may be possibly compromised by unfavourable climatic conditions. Thus, we assessed the effects of increased water temperature and acidification on the seeds of a bivalve of commercial importance, the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in order to understand how this species may be affected by climate change at its early life stages. We examined the expected response of clams by experimentally mimicking seasonal conditions that could be forecasted to occur at the end of the twenty-first century. Different physiological responses were measured including growth rates, clearance rate, burrowing time and different biochemical biomarkers of metabolic stress. The results showed that growth decreased in acidic experimental conditions in spring, with a weak interaction with temperature. Clearance rate was negatively affected by a lower pH in spring and summer but, under extreme summer conditions, the effect of pH was overridden by the negative impact of a higher temperature. Burrowing rates were reduced by half under warm temperature conditions in spring and summer. In contrast, biochemical biomarkers were only significantly depicted under climate change conditions in autumn. Overall, this study demonstrates the need to consider seasonality when evaluating the potential effects of climate change on clam aquaculture in order to forecast consequences for biological production This research is part of the CERES project (H2020, EU 678193). We are grateful to the staff of the Aquaria and Experimental Chambers (ZAE) of the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) and the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739891.-- Data availability: Data will be made available on request Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Aquaculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Aquaculture
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Valdivieso, Alejandro; Sánchez-Baizán, Núria; Mitrizakis, Nikos; Papandroulakis, Nikos; +1 Authors

    Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation modifications at specific loci in the genome in response to environmental cues can appear long before the appearance of transcriptomic or other phenotypic changes with potential consequences for performance. Thus, epigenetic DNA methylation-based biomarkers hold great promise in aquaculture and conservation biology because they can have prognostic value. However, to the best of our knowledge, a clear demonstration of such biomarkers has not been provided yet. Temperature during early stages of development is the main abiotic factor determining larval quality, with effects potentially persisting until adulthood and influencing performance. The objective of this study was to test whether epigenetic biomarkers could be developed as reliable indicators of the quality of the thermal environment during European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) early development and their relation to long-lasting phenotypic consequences. We exposed European sea bass embryos and newly hatched larvae to different temperature regimes and sampled fish thereafter at three time points: at larval, juvenile and adult stages. Here, we provide an analytical strategy combining Reduced Representation Bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to develop epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers with both prognostic and diagnostic value. Specifically, we report a series of DNA-methylation biomarkers linked to short-term, mid-term, long-term, and very-long term effects of temperature in both somatic and reproductive tissues. Among the different biomarkers identified, one promising example is the methylation status of keratin-associated protein 10–4 (krtap10–4), which fulfills the criteria of an epigenetic biomarker with both prognostic and diagnostic value. This study constitutes a first step toward providing the European sea bass farming sector with a set of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used to screen batches of larvae to determine the quality of their thermal environment and to anticipate their performance when juveniles and adults. Our study provides the way for similar developments for other species, farmed or not This study was supported by the European Union H2020 project Performfish, reference number 727610 and by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-108888RB-100) grant to FP. With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). AV was supported by a Performfish contract and NS was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation predoctoral scholarship (BES-2017-079744) 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738918.-- Data availability: Data enclosed in the Supplementary Information Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODO; Aquaculturearrow_drop_down
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    ZENODO; Aquaculture
    Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODO; Aquaculturearrow_drop_down
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      ZENODO; Aquaculture
      Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tedesco P.; Saraiva M.; Sandoval-Sierra J. V.; Alves M. T.; +7 Authors

    Oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are widespread in freshwater environment and are among the main path- ogens causing economic losses in salmonid aquaculture. Infections by mycotic agents in fish farming are generally considered to result from chronic stress and poor fish condition associated with water quality problems, adverse environmental conditions, frequent/rough/incorrect handling, concurrent infections, physiological changes associated with reproduction and immunocompromised animals. To identify risk factors for Saprolegnia infections in trout and Atlantic salmon farming, longitudinal studies were carried out in different Italian, Spanish, and Scottish fish farms. Prevalence of saprolegniosis and fish mortality were monitored over time and statistically analysed with respect to husbandry and environmental factors. Overall, statistical results by production cycle (trout vs salmon farming) and by country indicate that the prevalence of Saprolegnia may be influenced by peculiarities of the culture system and farming environment. Nevertheless, a specific set of parameters, including lower water temperature, and handling procedures increased Saprolegnia prevalence in all the considered farms. Particularly, in trout farms Saprolegnia infections represented an important contribution to mortality, and prevalence was influenced by water temperature and pH, and by fish density within the tanks. Similarly, temperature and water quality were the main factors influencing the prev- alence of Saprolegnia in Atlantic salmon farms. Moreover, molecular analyses confirmed the role of S. parasitica as the main pathogenic oomycete in trout and salmon farming in the considered countries. The identification of risk factors for introduction and increase of Saprolegnia infection in fish farms will allow the correct design of bio- security and pathogen control strategies

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Archivio istituziona...arrow_drop_down
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruiz-Jarabo, Ignacio; Laiz-Carrión, R. (Raúl); Ortega-García, A. (Aurelio); de-la-Gándara, F. (Fernando); +2 Authors

    In this study, we assessed the effect of environmental salinity and pH as independent factors on larval survival of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT –Thunnus thynnus) together with their whole-body Na+/K+-ATPase and v-type H+-ATPase activities. Fertilized eggs of ABFT were obtained from a spontaneous spawning of broodstock in the farming facilities at El Gorguel (Cartagena, SE Spain) and were transferred to facilities of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in Mazarrón (SE Spain). In a first experiment, eggs (200 fertilized eggs L-1 per treatment, in 3 replicates) were exposed to different salinities treatments and constant pH 8.0 (control) until hatch was completed (50 h post- fertilization, hpf, at 23 ºC): 27, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38 (control), 39, 40, 43, 46 and 49 ppt. In a second experiment eggs (200 fertilized eggs L-1, in 3 replicates) were exposed to seawater salinity (SW: 38 ppt) and four reduced pH treatments until hatch was completed (50 hpf at 23 ºC): 8.0 (control), 7.7, 7.5 and 7.3. An inverse „„U-shaped‟‟ relationship was observed between environmental salinity and number of hatched larvae. An opposite pattern was observed for both Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities in hatched larvae, increasing both activities in groups exposed to extreme salinities. Thus, larval survival was higher at intermediate salinities and lower at the extreme salinities tested. These results suggest higher survival rates with lower active pumps activities. No significant differences in larval survival were observed with pH treatment, but lower H+-ATPase activity was detected at control environmental pH (pH 8.0). Survival results are discussed in terms of osmoregulatory cost adapting to a salinity and pH predicted for the near future scenarios. SI

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    Aquaculture
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sueiro Benavides, Rosa Ana; Lamas Fernández, Jesús; Palenzuela, Oswaldo; Gulías Otero, Paola; +3 Authors

    Scuticociliatosis is a serious disease that affects flatfish during culture and against which no effective control measures have yet been developed. Monitoring parasite levels in the water may be a valuable way of establishing the risk of infection and enabling appropriate control measures to be taken, thus representing an advance in controlling the disease. To achieve this objective, we have designed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using primers (f / r ITS2) and a hydrolysis probe that specifically amplify a region of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the main aetiological agents of scuticociliatosis: Philasterides dicentrarchi and Miamiensis avidus. The slope (m), efficiency (E) and linearity (R2) determined from the standard curves generated are within the optimal values for qPCR. The high analytical sensitivity of the qPCR assay enables quantification of less than 120 pg of DNA per μL of reaction and detection of 1 ciliate per assay. The qPCR assay also exhibits high precision, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) of respectively 0.27 and 7.57%. The protocol developed for isolating and quantifying ciliates seawater samples it has a recovery efficiency greater than 75% when the ciliate levels are between 103 and 2 × 103 ciliates/L and the turbidity of the water does not exceed one nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). The real-time qPCR assay developed is a useful and appropriate tool for the specific and sensitive monitoring of scuticociliates in the water used in flatfish farms, enabling the establishment of effective prevention and control programmes This study was financially supported by grants PID 2020-113087RB- I00 awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (European Union), IDI-20200702 by Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and ED431C2021/26 from the Xunta de Galicia (Spain), and by the PARAFISHCONTROL project, which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 634429. This publication only reflects the views of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein SI

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Horn, S.S.; Aslam, M.L.; Difford, G.F.; Tsakoniti, K.; +7 Authors

    Lipid-related traits are important candidates for a breeding goal for gilthead seabream, because they affect both fish and human health, as well as production efficiency. However, to date there have been very few estimates of genetic parameters for these traits, and the genetic relationship between fatty acids and other important traits have never been reported for gilthead seabream. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genomic heritability and genetic relationships of fat deposition traits and individual muscle fatty acids in a commercial population of gilthead seabream using the novel ~30 k MedFish SNP array. In total 967 gilthead seabream fed with a commercial feed were genotyped with the MedFish SNP chip which included ~30 K informative markers for this species. On average, the fish weighed 372 g. The mean content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 822 mg per 100 g fillet. The heritability of muscle fat, viscera weight and percentage viscera were in the range of 0.34–0.46. The genetic correlation of body weight with muscle fat was 0.12, indicating that genetic variation in muscle fat is largely independent of the weight of the fish. The heritability of the product of endogenous fatty acid synthesis (n = 240), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), was high (0.43). The estimated heritability of EPA (%) and DHA (%) was 0.39 and 0.33, respectively. Both EPA and DHA had low, non-significant genetic correlations with body weight, and DHA had a negative genetic correlation with muscle fat (− 0.53). It is possible to increase EPA and DHA content in gilthead seabream fillets by selective breeding. The high heritability of 16:1n-7, a marker of de novo lipogenesis, suggests that there is a strong genetic component to this metabolic pathway in gilthead seabream. Muscle fat deposition and body weight seem to be independent traits, and selective breeding for faster growth is not likely to influence the proportional content of EPA and DHA.

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    Article . 2022
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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Kumar, Shivendra; Sandor, Zsuzsanna J.; Biro, Janka; Gyalog, Gergo; +2 Authors

    Abstract: This study investigated the possibility to improve the use of plant based feed in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), via feeding plant based diet from the early life stage. Fry, obtained from larvae produced by common carp broodstock fed with either of two diets viz. fish based diet (F diet) or plant based diet (P diet), were stocked into six earthen ponds in triplicate. Fry obtained from the F-and P-group were also fed with isoproteic (37% crude protein) and isolipidic (6.5% crude lipid) F-and P-diet respectively, for four months to attain juvenile stage. This early feeding period referred as 'nutritional history F or P' , and fish from the respective nutritional histories were denoted as 'F-or P-fish'. After four months, a crossover experiment was initiated with random distribution of F and P-fish into twelve cages fixed in the pond. Fish in triplicate cages per treatment group were either fed with their original diets or respective complementary diet for six weeks (C-phase). After six weeks, fish reared with complementary diets were switched to their original diet for another six weeks (O-phase). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression profile (IGF-1, GH and GHR) and protein metabolism enzyme activity were analysed at the end of both C-and O-phase. During C-phase, higher growth performance and improved nutrient utilization in P-fish and F-fish were recorded when they were fed with their original diet (P/F) compared to the complementary diet (F/P). The decreased growth performance and nutrient utilization of F-fish fed with P diet during the C-phase increased again during the O-phase and resumed to a similar growth performance with F fish fed with F diet; however P-fish could not resume the same growth performance in the O-phase. Expression patterns of IGF-1 and GHR genes in the liver were concomitant with the growth performance. The present study confirms that nutritional history has a significant impact on nutrient utilization during latter life stages, and nutritional programming at early stage may be the strategy for complete replacement of fish based diet with plant based diet in common carp without compromising the growth performance and nutrient utilization. Conclusively, the findings revealed the profound effect of feeding common carp according to their nutritional history on the later performance of the progeny, as well as effective utilization of the plant based diet. Superscript/Subscript Available

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Cutajar, Karl; Falconer, Lynne; Massa-Gallucci, Alexia; Cox, Rachel E; +5 Authors

    The survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria poli were assessed during a 12-month field study when cultured at a commercial fish farm in Malta as part of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Sea cucumbers were cultured directly below a fish cage at 0 m, E0, at 10 m (E10) and 25 m (E25) distances from the cage and at two reference sites (R1 and R2) located over 800 m away from the fish farm. Mass mortalities were recorded at E0 within the first month of the study due to smothering by settled wastes. All individuals died at one of the reference sites, R1, by the end of the study. After deducting missing sea cucumbers, survival rates at E10 (23%) and E25 (33%) from the fish cage were similar to the remaining reference site (R2) (27%). Stocking density and physical disturbances to the sea cucumber cage setup were also probable cause for the low survival rates. The relative weight gain (RWG) and specific growth rates (SGR) of H. poli varied significantly between sites close to the fish farm and the reference site. The SGR of H. poli at E10 (0.18 ±0.02% day-1) and E25 (0.20 ±0.01% day-1) was positive over the whole study period while no average growth was recorded at the reference site (-0.04 ±0.07% day-1) over the same period. Differences in RWG and SGR were recorded throughout the study. The overall growth observed in H. poli by January was followed by a drop in growth rate across all sites and an increase in SGR at E25 in July. Slower growth rates were observed as water temperature approached 15 oC. The results indicated that the sediments near the commercial fish cage provided an enriched source of food that supported significantly better growth in H. poli. This suggests that H. poli in IMTA might have the potential to uptake organic farm waste and increase aquaculture production, albeit with important considerations for setup design and stocking density.

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Ribeiro Carvalho, Marta; Montero Vítores, Daniel; Domenici, Paolo; Afonso López, Juan Manuel; +1 Authors

    N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), are the most important fatty acids with physiological significance in brain function of all vertebrates. Recently, novel lipid sources are available for the industry, including products obtained from microorganisms. Dietary fatty acid profiles may affect tissue composition and cell functioning. To determine the effect of novel lipid sources on behaviour and neural function in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), juveniles were fed three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing either (FO), a microalgae oil combined with poultry oil (DD) or only poultry oil (PO). Behaviour response, brain fatty acid composition and relative expression of neurogenesis and neural ac-tivity related-genes in telencephalon were evaluated during 5 months of feeding with the experimental diets. Brain of sea bream fed diet PO showed the highest DHA content as well as increased desaturation and elongation products, contrary to the dietary pattern. This, together with an increased telencephalic fads2 expression denoted the effective activation of LC-PUFA synthesis and retention as a compensatory mechanism for a dietary defi-ciency. Furthermore, neurod6, bdnf and nos1 were proportionally upregulated in relation to the neural DHA content. Locomotor performance during cruising and escape responses was not affected by the experimental diets. However, there was a tendency for escape latency to be longest in fish fed PO and DD diets, and a rela-tionship between escape latency and brain n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contents was suggested. Indeed, the relation of n-6 DPA with behavioural deficits was shown previously in mammals and might deserve further attention and corroboration in fish as well in the future.

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    ZENODO; Aquaculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      ZENODO; Aquaculture
      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Benan Gulzari; Hans Komen; Varun Raj Nammula; John W M Bastiaansen;

    Abstract Gilthead seabream is a key fish species for farming in the Mediterranean region and is farmed in a large geographical area under various production circumstances. However, more than 80% of the genetically improved fingerlings originate from a single country, Greece, which poses a potential risk for genotype by environment interaction (GxE). Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify GxE for several traits of gilthead seabream in two distinct commercial production sites, one in south of Greece (Galaxidi Marine Farm) and another in southeast of Spain (Cudomar). For this GxE experiment, a population of juveniles was produced by mass spawning of 33 males and 20 females on a single day. These juveniles were stocked in sea cages in both locations when they reached stocking size (~3 g) and grown under commercial conditions. Management conditions during the grow-out period were kept the same between the production sites, while the fish were subject to naturally occurring differences such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Phenotypes were recorded when the fish reached commercial harvest size (~400 g). Genetic parameters were estimated by using a genomic relationship matrix that was built by using ~30 k SNP. All traits studied had higher genetic variation and heritabilities in Cudomar. For instance, the heritability of harvest weight was 0.37 ± 0.05 in Galaxidi and 0.55 ± 0.05 in Cudomar. GxE was estimated as genetic correlations between the same trait measured on different fish in the two environments. Moderate GxE was found for harvest weight (0.45 ± 0.11), growth (0.43 ± 0.11), fillet weight (0.49 ± 0.12), liver weight (0.61 ± 0.11), and viscera weight (0.62 ± 0.10). Weak GxE was found for fillet fat (0.87 ± 0.06), heart weight (0.76 ± 0.11), cardiosomatic index (0.93 ± 0.14), viscerosomatic index (0.90 ± 0.05), and hepatosomatic index (0.79 ± 0.09). In conclusion, moderate GxE estimates for growth traits indicate that with a single breeding program, performance data from both environments should be included, or that two separate breeding programs may be needed for the two environments. The higher genetic variances observed in Cudomar suggest that this environment is a more suitable test environment for selective breeding.

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    Article . 2022
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    Aquaculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Aquaculture
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Galimany, Eve; Lucas Forcadell, Arturo; Maynou, Francesc; Solé, Montserrat; +2 Authors

    Marine bivalves are found as key components of coastal habitats and have several important roles, such as serving as a food source for human beings and aquatic organisms. In fact, as the world's population continues to grow, bivalve aquaculture is expected to increase in importance as a means of addressing demands for animal protein; however, its growth may be possibly compromised by unfavourable climatic conditions. Thus, we assessed the effects of increased water temperature and acidification on the seeds of a bivalve of commercial importance, the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in order to understand how this species may be affected by climate change at its early life stages. We examined the expected response of clams by experimentally mimicking seasonal conditions that could be forecasted to occur at the end of the twenty-first century. Different physiological responses were measured including growth rates, clearance rate, burrowing time and different biochemical biomarkers of metabolic stress. The results showed that growth decreased in acidic experimental conditions in spring, with a weak interaction with temperature. Clearance rate was negatively affected by a lower pH in spring and summer but, under extreme summer conditions, the effect of pH was overridden by the negative impact of a higher temperature. Burrowing rates were reduced by half under warm temperature conditions in spring and summer. In contrast, biochemical biomarkers were only significantly depicted under climate change conditions in autumn. Overall, this study demonstrates the need to consider seasonality when evaluating the potential effects of climate change on clam aquaculture in order to forecast consequences for biological production This research is part of the CERES project (H2020, EU 678193). We are grateful to the staff of the Aquaria and Experimental Chambers (ZAE) of the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) and the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739891.-- Data availability: Data will be made available on request Peer reviewed

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Valdivieso, Alejandro; Sánchez-Baizán, Núria; Mitrizakis, Nikos; Papandroulakis, Nikos; +1 Authors

    Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation modifications at specific loci in the genome in response to environmental cues can appear long before the appearance of transcriptomic or other phenotypic changes with potential consequences for performance. Thus, epigenetic DNA methylation-based biomarkers hold great promise in aquaculture and conservation biology because they can have prognostic value. However, to the best of our knowledge, a clear demonstration of such biomarkers has not been provided yet. Temperature during early stages of development is the main abiotic factor determining larval quality, with effects potentially persisting until adulthood and influencing performance. The objective of this study was to test whether epigenetic biomarkers could be developed as reliable indicators of the quality of the thermal environment during European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) early development and their relation to long-lasting phenotypic consequences. We exposed European sea bass embryos and newly hatched larvae to different temperature regimes and sampled fish thereafter at three time points: at larval, juvenile and adult stages. Here, we provide an analytical strategy combining Reduced Representation Bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to develop epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers with both prognostic and diagnostic value. Specifically, we report a series of DNA-methylation biomarkers linked to short-term, mid-term, long-term, and very-long term effects of temperature in both somatic and reproductive tissues. Among the different biomarkers identified, one promising example is the methylation status of keratin-associated protein 10–4 (krtap10–4), which fulfills the criteria of an epigenetic biomarker with both prognostic and diagnostic value. This study constitutes a first step toward providing the European sea bass farming sector with a set of epigenetic biomarkers that can be used to screen batches of larvae to determine the quality of their thermal environment and to anticipate their performance when juveniles and adults. Our study provides the way for similar developments for other species, farmed or not This study was supported by the European Union H2020 project Performfish, reference number 727610 and by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-108888RB-100) grant to FP. With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). AV was supported by a Performfish contract and NS was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation predoctoral scholarship (BES-2017-079744) 17 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738918.-- Data availability: Data enclosed in the Supplementary Information Peer reviewed

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    ZENODO; Aquaculture
    Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      ZENODO; Aquaculture
      Article . 2023 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tedesco P.; Saraiva M.; Sandoval-Sierra J. V.; Alves M. T.; +7 Authors

    Oomycetes of the genus Saprolegnia are widespread in freshwater environment and are among the main path- ogens causing economic losses in salmonid aquaculture. Infections by mycotic agents in fish farming are generally considered to result from chronic stress and poor fish condition associated with water quality problems, adverse environmental conditions, frequent/rough/incorrect handling, concurrent infections, physiological changes associated with reproduction and immunocompromised animals. To identify risk factors for Saprolegnia infections in trout and Atlantic salmon farming, longitudinal studies were carried out in different Italian, Spanish, and Scottish fish farms. Prevalence of saprolegniosis and fish mortality were monitored over time and statistically analysed with respect to husbandry and environmental factors. Overall, statistical results by production cycle (trout vs salmon farming) and by country indicate that the prevalence of Saprolegnia may be influenced by peculiarities of the culture system and farming environment. Nevertheless, a specific set of parameters, including lower water temperature, and handling procedures increased Saprolegnia prevalence in all the considered farms. Particularly, in trout farms Saprolegnia infections represented an important contribution to mortality, and prevalence was influenced by water temperature and pH, and by fish density within the tanks. Similarly, temperature and water quality were the main factors influencing the prev- alence of Saprolegnia in Atlantic salmon farms. Moreover, molecular analyses confirmed the role of S. parasitica as the main pathogenic oomycete in trout and salmon farming in the considered countries. The identification of risk factors for introduction and increase of Saprolegnia infection in fish farms will allow the correct design of bio- security and pathogen control strategies

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ruiz-Jarabo, Ignacio; Laiz-Carrión, R. (Raúl); Ortega-García, A. (Aurelio); de-la-Gándara, F. (Fernando); +2 Authors

    In this study, we assessed the effect of environmental salinity and pH as independent factors on larval survival of Atlantic bluefin tuna (ABFT –Thunnus thynnus) together with their whole-body Na+/K+-ATPase and v-type H+-ATPase activities. Fertilized eggs of ABFT were obtained from a spontaneous spawning of broodstock in the farming facilities at El Gorguel (Cartagena, SE Spain) and were transferred to facilities of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) in Mazarrón (SE Spain). In a first experiment, eggs (200 fertilized eggs L-1 per treatment, in 3 replicates) were exposed to different salinities treatments and constant pH 8.0 (control) until hatch was completed (50 h post- fertilization, hpf, at 23 ºC): 27, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38 (control), 39, 40, 43, 46 and 49 ppt. In a second experiment eggs (200 fertilized eggs L-1, in 3 replicates) were exposed to seawater salinity (SW: 38 ppt) and four reduced pH treatments until hatch was completed (50 hpf at 23 ºC): 8.0 (control), 7.7, 7.5 and 7.3. An inverse „„U-shaped‟‟ relationship was observed between environmental salinity and number of hatched larvae. An opposite pattern was observed for both Na+/K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities in hatched larvae, increasing both activities in groups exposed to extreme salinities. Thus, larval survival was higher at intermediate salinities and lower at the extreme salinities tested. These results suggest higher survival rates with lower active pumps activities. No significant differences in larval survival were observed with pH treatment, but lower H+-ATPase activity was detected at control environmental pH (pH 8.0). Survival results are discussed in terms of osmoregulatory cost adapting to a salinity and pH predicted for the near future scenarios. SI

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sueiro Benavides, Rosa Ana; Lamas Fernández, Jesús; Palenzuela, Oswaldo; Gulías Otero, Paola; +3 Authors

    Scuticociliatosis is a serious disease that affects flatfish during culture and against which no effective control measures have yet been developed. Monitoring parasite levels in the water may be a valuable way of establishing the risk of infection and enabling appropriate control measures to be taken, thus representing an advance in controlling the disease. To achieve this objective, we have designed a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay using primers (f / r ITS2) and a hydrolysis probe that specifically amplify a region of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of the main aetiological agents of scuticociliatosis: Philasterides dicentrarchi and Miamiensis avidus. The slope (m), efficiency (E) and linearity (R2) determined from the standard curves generated are within the optimal values for qPCR. The high analytical sensitivity of the qPCR assay enables quantification of less than 120 pg of DNA per μL of reaction and detection of 1 ciliate per assay. The qPCR assay also exhibits high precision, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) of respectively 0.27 and 7.57%. The protocol developed for isolating and quantifying ciliates seawater samples it has a recovery efficiency greater than 75% when the ciliate levels are between 103 and 2 × 103 ciliates/L and the turbidity of the water does not exceed one nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU). The real-time qPCR assay developed is a useful and appropriate tool for the specific and sensitive monitoring of scuticociliates in the water used in flatfish farms, enabling the establishment of effective prevention and control programmes This study was financially supported by grants PID 2020-113087RB- I00 awarded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (European Union), IDI-20200702 by Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) and ED431C2021/26 from the Xunta de Galicia (Spain), and by the PARAFISHCONTROL project, which received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 634429. This publication only reflects the views of the authors, and the European Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained herein SI

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Horn, S.S.; Aslam, M.L.; Difford, G.F.; Tsakoniti, K.; +7 Authors

    Lipid-related traits are important candidates for a breeding goal for gilthead seabream, because they affect both fish and human health, as well as production efficiency. However, to date there have been very few estimates of genetic parameters for these traits, and the genetic relationship between fatty acids and other important traits have never been reported for gilthead seabream. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate genomic heritability and genetic relationships of fat deposition traits and individual muscle fatty acids in a commercial population of gilthead seabream using the novel ~30 k MedFish SNP array. In total 967 gilthead seabream fed with a commercial feed were genotyped with the MedFish SNP chip which included ~30 K informative markers for this species. On average, the fish weighed 372 g. The mean content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was 822 mg per 100 g fillet. The heritability of muscle fat, viscera weight and percentage viscera were in the range of 0.34–0.46. The genetic correlation of body weight with muscle fat was 0.12, indicating that genetic variation in muscle fat is largely independent of the weight of the fish. The heritability of the product of endogenous fatty acid synthesis (n = 240), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), was high (0.43). The estimated heritability of EPA (%) and DHA (%) was 0.39 and 0.33, respectively. Both EPA and DHA had low, non-significant genetic correlations with body weight, and DHA had a negative genetic correlation with muscle fat (− 0.53). It is possible to increase EPA and DHA content in gilthead seabream fillets by selective breeding. The high heritability of 16:1n-7, a marker of de novo lipogenesis, suggests that there is a strong genetic component to this metabolic pathway in gilthead seabream. Muscle fat deposition and body weight seem to be independent traits, and selective breeding for faster growth is not likely to influence the proportional content of EPA and DHA.

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    Aquaculture
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      Article . 2022
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      Aquaculture
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    Authors: Kumar, Shivendra; Sandor, Zsuzsanna J.; Biro, Janka; Gyalog, Gergo; +2 Authors

    Abstract: This study investigated the possibility to improve the use of plant based feed in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), via feeding plant based diet from the early life stage. Fry, obtained from larvae produced by common carp broodstock fed with either of two diets viz. fish based diet (F diet) or plant based diet (P diet), were stocked into six earthen ponds in triplicate. Fry obtained from the F-and P-group were also fed with isoproteic (37% crude protein) and isolipidic (6.5% crude lipid) F-and P-diet respectively, for four months to attain juvenile stage. This early feeding period referred as 'nutritional history F or P' , and fish from the respective nutritional histories were denoted as 'F-or P-fish'. After four months, a crossover experiment was initiated with random distribution of F and P-fish into twelve cages fixed in the pond. Fish in triplicate cages per treatment group were either fed with their original diets or respective complementary diet for six weeks (C-phase). After six weeks, fish reared with complementary diets were switched to their original diet for another six weeks (O-phase). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, gene expression profile (IGF-1, GH and GHR) and protein metabolism enzyme activity were analysed at the end of both C-and O-phase. During C-phase, higher growth performance and improved nutrient utilization in P-fish and F-fish were recorded when they were fed with their original diet (P/F) compared to the complementary diet (F/P). The decreased growth performance and nutrient utilization of F-fish fed with P diet during the C-phase increased again during the O-phase and resumed to a similar growth performance with F fish fed with F diet; however P-fish could not resume the same growth performance in the O-phase. Expression patterns of IGF-1 and GHR genes in the liver were concomitant with the growth performance. The present study confirms that nutritional history has a significant impact on nutrient utilization during latter life stages, and nutritional programming at early stage may be the strategy for complete replacement of fish based diet with plant based diet in common carp without compromising the growth performance and nutrient utilization. Conclusively, the findings revealed the profound effect of feeding common carp according to their nutritional history on the later performance of the progeny, as well as effective utilization of the plant based diet. Superscript/Subscript Available

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Cutajar, Karl; Falconer, Lynne; Massa-Gallucci, Alexia; Cox, Rachel E; +5 Authors

    The survival and growth of the sea cucumber Holothuria poli were assessed during a 12-month field study when cultured at a commercial fish farm in Malta as part of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system. Sea cucumbers were cultured directly below a fish cage at 0 m, E0, at 10 m (E10) and 25 m (E25) distances from the cage and at two reference sites (R1 and R2) located over 800 m away from the fish farm. Mass mortalities were recorded at E0 within the first month of the study due to smothering by settled wastes. All individuals died at one of the reference sites, R1, by the end of the study. After deducting missing sea cucumbers, survival rates at E10 (23%) and E25 (33%) from the fish cage were similar to the remaining reference site (R2) (27%). Stocking density and physical disturbances to the sea cucumber cage setup were also probable cause for the low survival rates. The relative weight gain (RWG) and specific growth rates (SGR) of H. poli varied significantly between sites close to the fish farm and the reference site. The SGR of H. poli at E10 (0.18 ±0.02% day-1) and E25 (0.20 ±0.01% day-1) was positive over the whole study period while no average growth was recorded at the reference site (-0.04 ±0.07% day-1) over the same period. Differences in RWG and SGR were recorded throughout the study. The overall growth observed in H. poli by January was followed by a drop in growth rate across all sites and an increase in SGR at E25 in July. Slower growth rates were observed as water temperature approached 15 oC. The results indicated that the sediments near the commercial fish cage provided an enriched source of food that supported significantly better growth in H. poli. This suggests that H. poli in IMTA might have the potential to uptake organic farm waste and increase aquaculture production, albeit with important considerations for setup design and stocking density.

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    Aquaculture
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Aquaculture
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ribeiro Carvalho, Marta; Montero Vítores, Daniel; Domenici, Paolo; Afonso López, Juan Manuel; +1 Authors

    N-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA), are the most important fatty acids with physiological significance in brain function of all vertebrates. Recently, novel lipid sources are available for the industry, including products obtained from microorganisms. Dietary fatty acid profiles may affect tissue composition and cell functioning. To determine the effect of novel lipid sources on behaviour and neural function in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), juveniles were fed three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing either (FO), a microalgae oil combined with poultry oil (DD) or only poultry oil (PO). Behaviour response, brain fatty acid composition and relative expression of neurogenesis and neural ac-tivity related-genes in telencephalon were evaluated during 5 months of feeding with the experimental diets. Brain of sea bream fed diet PO showed the highest DHA content as well as increased desaturation and elongation products, contrary to the dietary pattern. This, together with an increased telencephalic fads2 expression denoted the effective activation of LC-PUFA synthesis and retention as a compensatory mechanism for a dietary defi-ciency. Furthermore, neurod6, bdnf and nos1 were proportionally upregulated in relation to the neural DHA content. Locomotor performance during cruising and escape responses was not affected by the experimental diets. However, there was a tendency for escape latency to be longest in fish fed PO and DD diets, and a rela-tionship between escape latency and brain n-6 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contents was suggested. Indeed, the relation of n-6 DPA with behavioural deficits was shown previously in mammals and might deserve further attention and corroboration in fish as well in the future.

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    ZENODO; Aquaculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      ZENODO; Aquaculture
      Other literature type . Article . 2021 . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Benan Gulzari; Hans Komen; Varun Raj Nammula; John W M Bastiaansen;

    Abstract Gilthead seabream is a key fish species for farming in the Mediterranean region and is farmed in a large geographical area under various production circumstances. However, more than 80% of the genetically improved fingerlings originate from a single country, Greece, which poses a potential risk for genotype by environment interaction (GxE). Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify GxE for several traits of gilthead seabream in two distinct commercial production sites, one in south of Greece (Galaxidi Marine Farm) and another in southeast of Spain (Cudomar). For this GxE experiment, a population of juveniles was produced by mass spawning of 33 males and 20 females on a single day. These juveniles were stocked in sea cages in both locations when they reached stocking size (~3 g) and grown under commercial conditions. Management conditions during the grow-out period were kept the same between the production sites, while the fish were subject to naturally occurring differences such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Phenotypes were recorded when the fish reached commercial harvest size (~400 g). Genetic parameters were estimated by using a genomic relationship matrix that was built by using ~30 k SNP. All traits studied had higher genetic variation and heritabilities in Cudomar. For instance, the heritability of harvest weight was 0.37 ± 0.05 in Galaxidi and 0.55 ± 0.05 in Cudomar. GxE was estimated as genetic correlations between the same trait measured on different fish in the two environments. Moderate GxE was found for harvest weight (0.45 ± 0.11), growth (0.43 ± 0.11), fillet weight (0.49 ± 0.12), liver weight (0.61 ± 0.11), and viscera weight (0.62 ± 0.10). Weak GxE was found for fillet fat (0.87 ± 0.06), heart weight (0.76 ± 0.11), cardiosomatic index (0.93 ± 0.14), viscerosomatic index (0.90 ± 0.05), and hepatosomatic index (0.79 ± 0.09). In conclusion, moderate GxE estimates for growth traits indicate that with a single breeding program, performance data from both environments should be included, or that two separate breeding programs may be needed for the two environments. The higher genetic variances observed in Cudomar suggest that this environment is a more suitable test environment for selective breeding.

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    Article . 2022
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    Aquaculture
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2022
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      Aquaculture
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