Abstract. Lagoons are important ecosystems occupying large coastal areas worldwide. Lagoons contain various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources which are highly dynamic in time. However, it often remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes of wate...

Summary Aquatic macrophytes are commonly used to assess the ecological condition of lakes. Little is known, however, about long-term macrophyte dynamics in shallow lakes. In the absence of historical data, the remains of macrophytes (fruits, seeds and vegetative fragmen...

Summary 1. We followed microbial and other planktonic communities during a 4-month period (February–May) in 12 outdoor flow-through mesocosms designed to elucidate the effect of global warming and nutrient enrichment. The mesocosms were established in 2003. 2. Warming h...

A megacity is defined by the United Nations as a metropolitan area with a total population of more than 10 million people. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the air pollution in megacities worldwide. This is an extensive topic and brings together recent comp...

Summary 1. Different behavioural responses of planktonic animals to their main predators, fish, have been reported from shallow lakes. In north temperate lakes, large-bodied zooplankton may seek refuge from predation among macrophytes, whereas in subtropical lakes, avoi...

1. Water‐level fluctuations are typical of lakes located in the semi‐arid Mediterranean region, which is characterised by warm rainy winters and hot dry summers. Ongoing climate change may exacerbate fluctuations and lead to more seve...

Global warming is already causing salinization of freshwater ecosystems located in semi-arid regions, including Turkey. Daphnids, which are important grazers on phytoplankton and a major food source for fish and invertebrates, are sensitive to not only changes in salini...