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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: E. Ioannidis; E. Ioannidis; K. S. Law; J.-C. Raut; +12 Authors

    Anthropogenic and natural emissions contribute to enhanced concentrations of aerosols in the Arctic winter and early spring, with most attention being paid to anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to so-called Arctic haze. Less-well-studied wintertime sea-spray aerosols (SSAs) under Arctic haze conditions are the focus of this study, since they can make an important contribution to wintertime Arctic aerosol abundances. Analysis of field campaign data shows evidence for enhanced local sources of SSAs, including marine organics at Utqiaġvik (formerly known as Barrow) in northern Alaska, United States, during winter 2014. Models tend to underestimate sub-micron SSAs and overestimate super-micron SSAs in the Arctic during winter, including the base version of the Weather Research Forecast coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model used here, which includes a widely used SSA source function based on Gong et al. (1997). Quasi-hemispheric simulations for winter 2014 including updated wind speed and sea-surface temperature (SST) SSA emission dependencies and sources of marine sea-salt organics and sea-salt sulfate lead to significantly improved model performance compared to observations at remote Arctic sites, notably for coarse-mode sodium and chloride, which are reduced. The improved model also simulates more realistic contributions of SSAs to inorganic aerosols at different sites, ranging from 20 %–93 % in the observations. Two-thirds of the improved model performance is from the inclusion of the dependence on SSTs. The simulation of nitrate aerosols is also improved due to less heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on SSAs in the coarse mode and related increases in fine-mode nitrate. This highlights the importance of interactions between natural SSAs and inorganic anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to Arctic haze. Simulation of organic aerosols and the fraction of sea-salt sulfate are also improved compared to observations. However, the model underestimates episodes with elevated observed concentrations of SSA components and sub-micron non-sea-salt sulfate at some Arctic sites, notably at Utqiaġvik. Possible reasons are explored in higher-resolution runs over northern Alaska for periods corresponding to the Utqiaġvik field campaign in January and February 2014. The addition of a local source of sea-salt marine organics, based on the campaign data, increases modelled organic aerosols over northern Alaska. However, comparison with previous available data suggests that local natural sources from open leads, as well as local anthropogenic sources, are underestimated in the model. Missing local anthropogenic sources may also explain the low modelled (sub-micron) non-sea-salt sulfate at Utqiaġvik. The introduction of a higher wind speed dependence for sub-micron SSA emissions, also based on Arctic data, reduces biases in modelled sub-micron SSAs, while sea-ice fractions, including open leads, are shown to be an important factor controlling modelled super-micron, rather than sub-micron, SSAs over the north coast of Alaska. The regional results presented here show that modelled SSAs are more sensitive to wind speed dependence but that realistic modelling of sea-ice distributions is needed for the simulation of local SSAs, including marine organics. This study supports findings from the Utqiaġvik field campaign that open leads are the primary source of fresh and aged SSAs, including marine organic aerosols, during wintertime at Utqiaġvik; these findings do not suggest an influence from blowing snow and frost flowers. To improve model simulations of Arctic wintertime aerosols, new field data on processes that influence wintertime SSA production, in particular for fine-mode aerosols, are needed as is improved understanding about possible local anthropogenic sources.

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    NARCIS
    Article . 2023
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    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
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      Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Pancaldi, Francesco; Schranz, Michael Eric; van Loo, Eibertus N.; Trindade, Luisa M.;

    Abstract Plant cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots differ substantially, both in the content and composition of their components. However, the genomic and genetic basis underlying these differences is not fully resolved. In this research, we analyzed multiple genomic properties of 150 cell wall gene families across 169 angiosperm genomes. The properties analyzed include gene presence/absence, copy number, synteny, occurrence of tandem gene clusters, and phylogenetic gene diversity. Results revealed a profound genomic differentiation of cell wall genes between Poaceae and eudicots, often associated with the cell wall diversity between these plant groups. For example, overall patterns of gene copy number variation and synteny were clearly divergent between Poaceae and eudicot species. Moreover, differential Poaceae–eudicot copy number and genomic contexts were observed for all the genes within the BEL1-like HOMEODOMAIN 6 regulatory pathway, which respectively induces and represses secondary cell wall synthesis in Poaceae and eudicots. Similarly, divergent synteny, copy number, and phylogenetic gene diversification were observed for the major biosynthetic genes of xyloglucans, mannans, and xylans, potentially contributing to the differences in content and types of hemicellulosic polysaccharides differences in Poaceae and eudicot cell walls. Additionally, the Poaceae-specific tandem clusters and/or higher copy number of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, or PEROXIDASE genes may underly the higher content and larger variety of phenylpropanoid compounds observed in Poaceae cell walls. All these patterns are discussed in detail in this study, along with their evolutionary and biological relevance for cell wall (genomic) diversification between Poaceae and eudicots.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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      PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Higgins, Vaughan; van der Velden, Daniël; Bechtet, Noemie; Bryant, Melanie; +3 Authors

    Assemblage thinking is an increasingly influential approach in critical studies of food and farming, and partic-ularly in research on new agri-food technology such as precision agriculture (PA). This research is important in highlighting the distributed forms of power and agency through which farming worlds are assembled, and what these engender for more sustainable and equitable farming futures. However, to date, there has been limited attention to assembling PA from the perspective of farmers, what Legun and Burch (2021) refer to as 'deliberative assembling'. This paper contributes to knowledge in this area by applying post actor network theoretical work to investigate across case studies in Australia, the Netherlands and France, the forms of tinkering by which farmers attempt to make PA workable, and what these engender for farmer agency. Through our analysis, we show that much of the tinkering by farmers is aimed at holding together their own priorities, routines, and experiences with practices inscribed in PA technology, such as dependence on commercial advice, data-driven knowledge, and commitment to a single technological platform/company. Integral to this tinkering work are support networks that include agronomists, advisors, machinery dealers and/or farmer discussion groups. We argue that whilst these support networks are critical to holding together different practices, and making PA workable, they also play a more diverse and nuanced role in PA implementation than what has previously been recognised. Our case studies provide insights into three key forms of tinkering used by farmers in navigating support networks to make PA workable - disconnection, experimentation and trial-and-error, and trade-offs and compromises - and the specific distributions of agency which these tinkering practices engender. In conclusion, we argue that a tinkering lens provides a valuable approach for enabling agri-food scholars to tease out in greater depth delib-erative assembling practices and how these variously open-up or foreclose options for farmers in making PA workable. International audience

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Journal of Rural Studies; ZENODO
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Journal of Rural Studies; ZENODO
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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    Authors: Matteo Giuliani; Wyatt Arnold; Jazmin Zatarain Salazar; Angelo Carlino; +1 Authors

    A resurgence of dam planning and construction is under way in several river basins where untapped hydropower potential could meet growing energy demands. In Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration. Yet, hydropower expansion is a contentious issue given the uncertainty in water and energy demand as well as the negative impacts of these infrastructures on other sectors. Despite calls for a more comprehensive evaluation of hydropower projects, most dams continue to be planned with traditional methods that neglect interdependencies between planning and management and the cumulative impacts of multiple new dams. Here, we use the transboundary Zambezi Watercourse in southern Africa to present a novel dam planning approach that integrates sequencing of planned reservoirs with adaptive, multipurpose operations to address increasing and competing demands for water, energy, and food in the region.Results show how seeking compromise through operations while constructing dams early improves environmental and irrigation objectives by 50% and 80%, with an 8% loss in hydropower compared to an operation and sequencing strategy that singularly maximizes hydropower. Alternatively, seeking compromise only through delayed dam construction yields modest environmental and irrigation improvements of 6% and 9%, respectively, with a 22% loss in hydropower. Our findings indicate that while additional hydropower capacity reduces structural energy deficits, operating policies emerge as the main driver of human-environmental tradeoffs. Consequently, traditional single-objective operating policy selection may lead to erroneous perceptions of tradeoffs across infrastructure options. The robustness of this result is tested under an ensemble of stochastic hydrologic projections where environmental flow and irrigation deficits are found more sensitive to operations than shifts in water availability. The predominance of operating policies is relevant for improving multi-objective dam planning in other river basins already fragmented by dams built in the 20th century.

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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Ildikó Fekete-Kertész; Tamás Stirling; Emese Vaszita; Zsófia Berkl; +6 Authors

    The lack of high-grade scandium (Sc) ores and recovery strategies has stimulated research on the exploitation of non-ore-related secondary sources that have great potential to safeguard the critical raw materials supply of the EU's economy. Waste materials may satisfy the growing global Sc demand, specifically residues from titanium dioxide (TiO2) production. New technologies are being developed for the recovery of Sc from such residues; however, the possible environmental impacts of intermediary products and residues are usually not considered. In order to provide a comprehensive ecotoxicity characterisation of the wastes and intermediate residues resulting from one promising new technology, acid-resistant nanofiltration (arNF), a waste-specific ecotoxicity toolkit was established. Three ecotoxicity assays were selected with specific test parameters providing the most diverse outcome for toxicity characterisation at different trophic levels: Aliivibrio fischeri (bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition (30 min exposure), Daphnia magna (crustacean) lethality and immobilisation (24 h exposure) and Lemna minor (plant) growth inhibition with determination of the frond number (7 d exposure). According to our results, the environmental impact of the generated intermediate and final residues on the aquatic ecosystem was mitigated by the consecutive steps of the filtration methods applied. High and statistically significant toxicity attenuation was achieved according to each test organism: toxicity was lowered based on EC20 values, according to the A. fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay (by 97%), D. magna lethality (by 99%) and L. minor frond number (by 100%), respectively, after the final filtration step, nanofiltration, in comparison to the original waste. Our results underline the importance of assessing chemical technologies' ecotoxicological and environmental impacts with easy-to-apply and cost-effective test methods to showcase the best available technologies.

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    Article . 2023
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    NIBIO Brage
    Article . 2023
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      NIBIO Brage
      Article . 2023
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      Heliyon
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Heliyon
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Weimann, Lukas; Dubbink, Guus; Ham, Louis van der; Gazzani, Matteo; +2 Authors

    Assessing the role of carbon capture in energy systems dominated by non-dispatchable renewable energy sources requires a reliable and accurate model. However, carbon capture models used in complex systems optimisation are often very simplified. Therefore, we developed a mixed-integer linear model of post-combustion carbon capture starting from rigorous thermodynamic modelling in Aspen Plus. The final model decides the size and the operation of the capture process and returns the cost and energy requirements as a function of the CO2 concentration and the flow rate of the treated flue gas. Validation against actual plant data (Petra Nova) showed excellent accuracy with a deviation in total CO2 captured of just 2%. By applying the model to an exemplary case study, we show that it allows for co-optimising renewables deployment and carbon capture design and operation for a gas turbine, thus opening opportunities to explore new system designs of practical added value.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2023
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2023
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      Applied Energy
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    Authors: Mandley, Steven james; Faculteit Geowetenschappen;

    This thesis aims to advance the assessment of the future role of bioenergy as a climate mitigation option for the EU to mid-century. This is achieved by improving EU-level projections at a systematic level via accounting for the critical considerations within supply and demand dynamics across global and regional scales, traversing the full delivery-chain and attached emissions. To achieve this aim, the following research questions are addressed: 1. What is the projected role of bioenergy within EU decarbonisation strategies from quantitative assessment approaches, and how well do they capture 'Root-Chute' considerations? 2. To what extent could global bioenergy competition and trade constraints impact EU mitigation potential from bioenergy and vice-versa? 3. How consistent are integrated modelling assessments for bioenergy deployment with EU-level climate, energy and bioenergy-related policy targets? 4. How feasible are long-term projections for EU bioenergy deployment and mitigative potential from the perspective of logistics, scale-up, management practices and technological advancements?

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    Doctoral thesis . Thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Max L.E. Gräfnings; Laura L. Govers; Jannes H.T. Heusinkveld; Brian R. Silliman; +3 Authors

    Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could beused as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

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    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2023
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      Radboud Repository
      Article . 2023
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      Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: NARCIS
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      Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      NARCIS; Ecological Indicators
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rubiales, Diego; Enjalbert, Jerome; Hohmann, Pierre; Anten, Nils P.R.; +1 Authors

    Intercropping, also known as mixed cropping, consists on simultaneously growing more than one species on a field. It has a great potential for enhancing water- and nutrientuse efficiency and improving plant productivity, yield stability and resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, including those triggered by climate change. Despite their manifold benefits, the practice of intercropping has not risen above its niche status in many regions of the world. The selection of varieties specifically adapted to intercropping remains a major practical challenge to its widespread deployment. This Editorial of a Research Topic hosted at Frontiers in Plant Sciences entitled “Breeding for intercropping” gathers a series of articles covering new insights in the areas of quantitative genetics, ecology, ecophysiology and agronomy integrating theoretical, experimental as well as participatory approaches.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    ZENODO; Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Other literature type . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2023
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      ZENODO; Frontiers in Plant Science
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Frontiers in Plant Science
      Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Pancaldi, Francesco; Van loo, Eibertus N.; Senio, Sylwia; Al hassan, Mohamad; +5 Authors

    Syntenic cell wall QTLs (SQTLs) can identify genetic determinants of biomass traits in understudied species based on results from model crops. However, their effective use in plant breeding requires SQTLs to display intraspecific allelic variability and to predict causative loci in other populations/species than the ones used for SQTLs identification. In this study, genome assemblies from different accessions of Arabidopsis, rapeseed, tomato, rice, Brachypodium and maize were used to evaluate the intraspecific variability of SQTLs. In parallel, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cell wall quality traits was performed in miscanthus to verify the colocalization between GWAS loci and miscanthus SQTLs. Finally, an analogous approach was applied on a set of switchgrass cell wall QTLs retrieved from the literature. These analyses revealed large SQTLs intraspecific genetic variability, ranging from presence–absence gene variation to SNPs/INDELs and changes in coded proteins. Cell wall genes displaying gene dosage regulation, such as PAL and CAD, displayed presence–absence variation in Brachypodium and rapeseed, while protein INDELs were detected for the Brachypodium homologs of the rice brittle culm-like 8 locus, which may likely impact cell wall quality. Furthermore, SQTLs significantly colocalized with the miscanthus and switchgrass QTLs, with relevant cell wall genes being retained in colocalizing regions. Overall, SQTLs are useful tools to screen germplasm for relevant genes and alleles to improve biomass quality and can increase the efficiency of plant breeding in understudied biomass crops.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Plants
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Plants
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Plants
    Article . 2023
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      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Plants
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Plants
      Article . 2023
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      Plants
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: E. Ioannidis; E. Ioannidis; K. S. Law; J.-C. Raut; +12 Authors

    Anthropogenic and natural emissions contribute to enhanced concentrations of aerosols in the Arctic winter and early spring, with most attention being paid to anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to so-called Arctic haze. Less-well-studied wintertime sea-spray aerosols (SSAs) under Arctic haze conditions are the focus of this study, since they can make an important contribution to wintertime Arctic aerosol abundances. Analysis of field campaign data shows evidence for enhanced local sources of SSAs, including marine organics at Utqiaġvik (formerly known as Barrow) in northern Alaska, United States, during winter 2014. Models tend to underestimate sub-micron SSAs and overestimate super-micron SSAs in the Arctic during winter, including the base version of the Weather Research Forecast coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model used here, which includes a widely used SSA source function based on Gong et al. (1997). Quasi-hemispheric simulations for winter 2014 including updated wind speed and sea-surface temperature (SST) SSA emission dependencies and sources of marine sea-salt organics and sea-salt sulfate lead to significantly improved model performance compared to observations at remote Arctic sites, notably for coarse-mode sodium and chloride, which are reduced. The improved model also simulates more realistic contributions of SSAs to inorganic aerosols at different sites, ranging from 20 %–93 % in the observations. Two-thirds of the improved model performance is from the inclusion of the dependence on SSTs. The simulation of nitrate aerosols is also improved due to less heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on SSAs in the coarse mode and related increases in fine-mode nitrate. This highlights the importance of interactions between natural SSAs and inorganic anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to Arctic haze. Simulation of organic aerosols and the fraction of sea-salt sulfate are also improved compared to observations. However, the model underestimates episodes with elevated observed concentrations of SSA components and sub-micron non-sea-salt sulfate at some Arctic sites, notably at Utqiaġvik. Possible reasons are explored in higher-resolution runs over northern Alaska for periods corresponding to the Utqiaġvik field campaign in January and February 2014. The addition of a local source of sea-salt marine organics, based on the campaign data, increases modelled organic aerosols over northern Alaska. However, comparison with previous available data suggests that local natural sources from open leads, as well as local anthropogenic sources, are underestimated in the model. Missing local anthropogenic sources may also explain the low modelled (sub-micron) non-sea-salt sulfate at Utqiaġvik. The introduction of a higher wind speed dependence for sub-micron SSA emissions, also based on Arctic data, reduces biases in modelled sub-micron SSAs, while sea-ice fractions, including open leads, are shown to be an important factor controlling modelled super-micron, rather than sub-micron, SSAs over the north coast of Alaska. The regional results presented here show that modelled SSAs are more sensitive to wind speed dependence but that realistic modelling of sea-ice distributions is needed for the simulation of local SSAs, including marine organics. This study supports findings from the Utqiaġvik field campaign that open leads are the primary source of fresh and aged SSAs, including marine organic aerosols, during wintertime at Utqiaġvik; these findings do not suggest an influence from blowing snow and frost flowers. To improve model simulations of Arctic wintertime aerosols, new field data on processes that influence wintertime SSA production, in particular for fine-mode aerosols, are needed as is improved understanding about possible local anthropogenic sources.

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    Article . 2023
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    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
    Article . 2023
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ PURE Aarhus Universi...arrow_drop_down
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      Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Pancaldi, Francesco; Schranz, Michael Eric; van Loo, Eibertus N.; Trindade, Luisa M.;

    Abstract Plant cell walls of Poaceae and eudicots differ substantially, both in the content and composition of their components. However, the genomic and genetic basis underlying these differences is not fully resolved. In this research, we analyzed multiple genomic properties of 150 cell wall gene families across 169 angiosperm genomes. The properties analyzed include gene presence/absence, copy number, synteny, occurrence of tandem gene clusters, and phylogenetic gene diversity. Results revealed a profound genomic differentiation of cell wall genes between Poaceae and eudicots, often associated with the cell wall diversity between these plant groups. For example, overall patterns of gene copy number variation and synteny were clearly divergent between Poaceae and eudicot species. Moreover, differential Poaceae–eudicot copy number and genomic contexts were observed for all the genes within the BEL1-like HOMEODOMAIN 6 regulatory pathway, which respectively induces and represses secondary cell wall synthesis in Poaceae and eudicots. Similarly, divergent synteny, copy number, and phylogenetic gene diversification were observed for the major biosynthetic genes of xyloglucans, mannans, and xylans, potentially contributing to the differences in content and types of hemicellulosic polysaccharides differences in Poaceae and eudicot cell walls. Additionally, the Poaceae-specific tandem clusters and/or higher copy number of PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA-LYASE, CAFFEIC ACID O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, or PEROXIDASE genes may underly the higher content and larger variety of phenylpropanoid compounds observed in Poaceae cell walls. All these patterns are discussed in detail in this study, along with their evolutionary and biological relevance for cell wall (genomic) diversification between Poaceae and eudicots.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
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      Article . 2023
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      PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Higgins, Vaughan; van der Velden, Daniël; Bechtet, Noemie; Bryant, Melanie; +3 Authors

    Assemblage thinking is an increasingly influential approach in critical studies of food and farming, and partic-ularly in research on new agri-food technology such as precision agriculture (PA). This research is important in highlighting the distributed forms of power and agency through which farming worlds are assembled, and what these engender for more sustainable and equitable farming futures. However, to date, there has been limited attention to assembling PA from the perspective of farmers, what Legun and Burch (2021) refer to as 'deliberative assembling'. This paper contributes to knowledge in this area by applying post actor network theoretical work to investigate across case studies in Australia, the Netherlands and France, the forms of tinkering by which farmers attempt to make PA workable, and what these engender for farmer agency. Through our analysis, we show that much of the tinkering by farmers is aimed at holding together their own priorities, routines, and experiences with practices inscribed in PA technology, such as dependence on commercial advice, data-driven knowledge, and commitment to a single technological platform/company. Integral to this tinkering work are support networks that include agronomists, advisors, machinery dealers and/or farmer discussion groups. We argue that whilst these support networks are critical to holding together different practices, and making PA workable, they also play a more diverse and nuanced role in PA implementation than what has previously been recognised. Our case studies provide insights into three key forms of tinkering used by farmers in navigating support networks to make PA workable - disconnection, experimentation and trial-and-error, and trade-offs and compromises - and the specific distributions of agency which these tinkering practices engender. In conclusion, we argue that a tinkering lens provides a valuable approach for enabling agri-food scholars to tease out in greater depth delib-erative assembling practices and how these variously open-up or foreclose options for farmers in making PA workable. International audience

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Journal of Rural Studies; ZENODO
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Article . 2023
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      Journal of Rural Studies; ZENODO
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
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    Authors: Matteo Giuliani; Wyatt Arnold; Jazmin Zatarain Salazar; Angelo Carlino; +1 Authors

    A resurgence of dam planning and construction is under way in several river basins where untapped hydropower potential could meet growing energy demands. In Africa, more than 300 new hydropower projects are under consideration. Yet, hydropower expansion is a contentious issue given the uncertainty in water and energy demand as well as the negative impacts of these infrastructures on other sectors. Despite calls for a more comprehensive evaluation of hydropower projects, most dams continue to be planned with traditional methods that neglect interdependencies between planning and management and the cumulative impacts of multiple new dams. Here, we use the transboundary Zambezi Watercourse in southern Africa to present a novel dam planning approach that integrates sequencing of planned reservoirs with adaptive, multipurpose operations to address increasing and competing demands for water, energy, and food in the region.Results show how seeking compromise through operations while constructing dams early improves environmental and irrigation objectives by 50% and 80%, with an 8% loss in hydropower compared to an operation and sequencing strategy that singularly maximizes hydropower. Alternatively, seeking compromise only through delayed dam construction yields modest environmental and irrigation improvements of 6% and 9%, respectively, with a 22% loss in hydropower. Our findings indicate that while additional hydropower capacity reduces structural energy deficits, operating policies emerge as the main driver of human-environmental tradeoffs. Consequently, traditional single-objective operating policy selection may lead to erroneous perceptions of tradeoffs across infrastructure options. The robustness of this result is tested under an ensemble of stochastic hydrologic projections where environmental flow and irrigation deficits are found more sensitive to operations than shifts in water availability. The predominance of operating policies is relevant for improving multi-objective dam planning in other river basins already fragmented by dams built in the 20th century.

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    Earth's Future
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
    https://doi.org/10.5194/egusph...
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Ildikó Fekete-Kertész; Tamás Stirling; Emese Vaszita; Zsófia Berkl; +6 Authors

    The lack of high-grade scandium (Sc) ores and recovery strategies has stimulated research on the exploitation of non-ore-related secondary sources that have great potential to safeguard the critical raw materials supply of the EU's economy. Waste materials may satisfy the growing global Sc demand, specifically residues from titanium dioxide (TiO2) production. New technologies are being developed for the recovery of Sc from such residues; however, the possible environmental impacts of intermediary products and residues are usually not considered. In order to provide a comprehensive ecotoxicity characterisation of the wastes and intermediate residues resulting from one promising new technology, acid-resistant nanofiltration (arNF), a waste-specific ecotoxicity toolkit was established. Three ecotoxicity assays were selected with specific test parameters providing the most diverse outcome for toxicity characterisation at different trophic levels: Aliivibrio fischeri (bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition (30 min exposure), Daphnia magna (crustacean) lethality and immobilisation (24 h exposure) and Lemna minor (plant) growth inhibition with determination of the frond number (7 d exposure). According to our results, the environmental impact of the generated intermediate and final residues on the aquatic ecosystem was mitigated by the consecutive steps of the filtration methods applied. High and statistically significant toxicity attenuation was achieved according to each test organism: toxicity was lowered based on EC20 values, according to the A. fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay (by 97%), D. magna lethality (by 99%) and L. minor frond number (by 100%), respectively, after the final filtration step, nanofiltration, in comparison to the original waste. Our results underline the importance of assessing chemical technologies' ecotoxicological and environmental impacts with easy-to-apply and cost-effective test methods to showcase the best available technologies.

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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
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    NIBIO Brage
    Article . 2023
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref; NARCIS
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    Heliyon
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
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      NIBIO Brage
      Article . 2023
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      Heliyon
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Heliyon
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    Authors: Weimann, Lukas; Dubbink, Guus; Ham, Louis van der; Gazzani, Matteo; +2 Authors

    Assessing the role of carbon capture in energy systems dominated by non-dispatchable renewable energy sources requires a reliable and accurate model. However, carbon capture models used in complex systems optimisation are often very simplified. Therefore, we developed a mixed-integer linear model of post-combustion carbon capture starting from rigorous thermodynamic modelling in Aspen Plus. The final model decides the size and the operation of the capture process and returns the cost and energy requirements as a function of the CO2 concentration and the flow rate of the treated flue gas. Validation against actual plant data (Petra Nova) showed excellent accuracy with a deviation in total CO2 captured of just 2%. By applying the model to an exemplary case study, we show that it allows for co-optimising renewables deployment and carbon capture design and operation for a gas turbine, thus opening opportunities to explore new system designs of practical added value.

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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Applied Energy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2023
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      Applied Energy
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      Applied Energy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Mandley, Steven james; Faculteit Geowetenschappen;

    This thesis aims to advance the assessment of the future role of bioenergy as a climate mitigation option for the EU to mid-century. This is achieved by improving EU-level projections at a systematic level via accounting for the critical considerations within supply and demand dynamics across global and regional scales, traversing the full delivery-chain and attached emissions. To achieve this aim, the following research questions are addressed: 1. What is the projected role of bioenergy within EU decarbonisation strategies from quantitative assessment approaches, and how well do they capture 'Root-Chute' considerations? 2. To what extent could global bioenergy competition and trade constraints impact EU mitigation potential from bioenergy and vice-versa? 3. How consistent are integrated modelling assessments for bioenergy deployment with EU-level climate, energy and bioenergy-related policy targets? 4. How feasible are long-term projections for EU bioenergy deployment and mitigative potential from the perspective of logistics, scale-up, management practices and technological advancements?

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    Doctoral thesis . Thesis . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Max L.E. Gräfnings; Laura L. Govers; Jannes H.T. Heusinkveld; Brian R. Silliman; +3 Authors

    Seagrass meadows form the foundation of many coastal ecosystems, but are rapidly declining on a global scale. To conserve and restore these key-ecosystems, improved understanding of drivers behind seagrass presence and recovery is needed. Many animals are known to both facilitate and inhibit seagrasses, but biotic factors are still rarely used as indicators of seagrass presence. Hence, we investigate if macrozoobenthos could beused as an indicator for intertidal seagrass (Zostera marina and Zostera noltii) habitat suitability in the international Wadden Sea. Additionally, we explore if macrozoobenthos can explain the differing seagrass recovery rates that have been observed between the Northern (Denmark and Schleswig Holstein) and Southern (Lower Saxony and Netherlands) regions of the Wadden Sea. To achieve this, we performed a Wadden Sea-wide survey at 36 intertidal locations, across three countries, and investigated the importance of 21 abiotic and biotic variables in explaining the presence and absence of intertidal seagrasses. Seagrass presence or absence could be reliably predicted (prediction error: 16.7%) with a multivariate logistic regression with only four variables; chlorophyll a, bivalve, ragworm and mudsnail biomass. We also found higher chlorophyll concentrations and ragworm biomass in the South compared to the Northern Wadden Sea, suggesting that eutrophication and associated community shifts might still inhibit seagrass recovery in the South. Our findings highlight the potential of using macrozoobenthos as indicators for seagrass habitat suitability. In areas, like the Dutch Wadden Sea, where macrozoobenthic surveys are common and where benthic data is readily available, our findings can be used to improve the understanding of seagrass recovery dynamics and the selection of suitable seagrass restoration sites.

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    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    Radboud Repository
    Article . 2023
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    Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023
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    Ecological Indicators
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    NARCIS; Ecological Indicators
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rubiales, Diego; Enjalbert, Jerome; Hohmann, Pierre; Anten, Nils P.R.; +1 Authors

    Intercropping, also known as mixed cropping, consists on simultaneously growing more than one species on a field. It has a great potential for enhancing water- and nutrientuse efficiency and improving plant productivity, yield stability and resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, including those triggered by climate change. Despite their manifold benefits, the practice of intercropping has not risen above its niche status in many regions of the world. The selection of varieties specifically adapted to intercropping remains a major practical challenge to its widespread deployment. This Editorial of a Research Topic hosted at Frontiers in Plant Sciences entitled “Breeding for intercropping” gathers a series of articles covering new insights in the areas of quantitative genetics, ecology, ecophysiology and agronomy integrating theoretical, experimental as well as participatory approaches.

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    Article . 2023
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2023
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    ZENODO; Frontiers in Plant Science
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Frontiers in Plant Science
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      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Pancaldi, Francesco; Van loo, Eibertus N.; Senio, Sylwia; Al hassan, Mohamad; +5 Authors

    Syntenic cell wall QTLs (SQTLs) can identify genetic determinants of biomass traits in understudied species based on results from model crops. However, their effective use in plant breeding requires SQTLs to display intraspecific allelic variability and to predict causative loci in other populations/species than the ones used for SQTLs identification. In this study, genome assemblies from different accessions of Arabidopsis, rapeseed, tomato, rice, Brachypodium and maize were used to evaluate the intraspecific variability of SQTLs. In parallel, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on cell wall quality traits was performed in miscanthus to verify the colocalization between GWAS loci and miscanthus SQTLs. Finally, an analogous approach was applied on a set of switchgrass cell wall QTLs retrieved from the literature. These analyses revealed large SQTLs intraspecific genetic variability, ranging from presence–absence gene variation to SNPs/INDELs and changes in coded proteins. Cell wall genes displaying gene dosage regulation, such as PAL and CAD, displayed presence–absence variation in Brachypodium and rapeseed, while protein INDELs were detected for the Brachypodium homologs of the rice brittle culm-like 8 locus, which may likely impact cell wall quality. Furthermore, SQTLs significantly colocalized with the miscanthus and switchgrass QTLs, with relevant cell wall genes being retained in colocalizing regions. Overall, SQTLs are useful tools to screen germplasm for relevant genes and alleles to improve biomass quality and can increase the efficiency of plant breeding in understudied biomass crops.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
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    NARCIS; Research@WUR
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Plants
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Plants
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Plants
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Research@WURarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      NARCIS; Research@WUR
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Plants
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Plants
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Plants
      Article . 2023
      addClaim

      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.