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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Anna Kłoczko-Gajewska; Agata Malak-Rawlikowska; Edward Majewski; Adam Wilkinson; +6 Authors

    Shortening food supply chains attracts increasing support from policymakers, to improve returns to farmers and stimulate rural development. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies. To address this, the article quantifies the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies, using the Keynesian-based Local Multiplier 3 method (LM3), applied to a unique dataset of 122 farm businesses from five European Union countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom). Estimations cover 305 market chains, comprising both short and long food supply chains, in which sampled farmers participate. The results indicate that the revenues from farm production remain largely within local economies, generating a substantial multiplier effect (LM3 > 2). This effect stems from purchases of farm inputs locally including, in the first instance, hiring local labour, as well as the expenditures of local suppliers that re-spend part of their revenues within the local area. The multiplier effects of short food supply chains are similar to long food supply chain equivalents as both use largely local labour and source tradable inputs locally. In shaping food chain policy a broader set of socioeconomic benefits to local development from selling through short food supply chains should be considered. International audience

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao European Urban and R...arrow_drop_down
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    European Urban and Regional Studies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: SAGE TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao European Urban and R...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      European Urban and Regional Studies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Poblete, Tomás; Navas Cortés, Juan Antonio; Hornero, Alberto; Camino, Carlos; +4 Authors

    Infection by the fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd) and the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) threatens the production of olives (Olea europaea L.) and almonds (Prunus dulcis Mill.) worldwide. Producing symptoms that resemble water stress or nutrient deficiency, infection by these vascular pathogens restricts water and nutrient flow through the xylem. Hyperspectral, narrow-band multispectral, and thermal imagery acquired at a high spatial resolution can detect disease symptoms, even before they are visible, potentially allowing growers to distinguish infected plants from those affected by confounding environmental stresses. Nevertheless, operational detection of vascular disease using high-resolution commercial satellite multispectral images remains to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the capacity of high-resolution Worldview-2 and -3 multispectral imagery to detect Xf and Vd infections in olive and almond orchards in Spain, Italy, and Australia between 2011 and 2021. We compared the accuracy of detecting both pathogens using the satellite imagery with results obtained using aerial high-resolution hyperspectral and thermal imaging, with model-inverted plant traits, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), and thermal data as a reference. Our results using spectral plant traits to examine disease progression at all stages showed that traits and their importance varied as a function of disease severity. Worldview-2 and -3 detected the disease incidence with overall accuracies ranging from 0.63 to 0.83 and kappa coefficients (κ) ranging from 0.29 to 0.68. Nevertheless, detecting the early stages of disease with multispectral satellite data yielded poorer results, with κ values of 0.22–0.45, compared with κ values of 0.3–0.69 obtained from hyperspectral data. Typical multispectral bandsets available from satellite sensors cannot measure important plant traits such as the blue index NPQI, xanthophyll proxy PRIn, SIF, and anthocyanin levels, thus explaining the poorer results obtained from multispectral satellite data for the early detection of vascular diseases. Adding a thermal-based crop water stress indicator to the satellite data improved the overall accuracies by 10–15% and increased κ by >0.2 units. This work shows that commercial multispectral high-spatial resolution imagery can be used to detect intermediate and advanced Xf and Vd infection, but that the early detection of disease symptoms requires hyperspectral and thermal data. The study was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through grant agreements POnTE (635646) and XF-ACTORS (727987), as well as by projects AGL2009-13105 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, P08-AGR-03528 and P18-RT-4184 from the Regional Government of Andalusia and the European Social Fund, project E-RTA2017-00004-02 from “Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad” of Spain and FEDER, Intramural Project 201840E111 from CSIC and ITS2017-095: Design and Implementation of control strategies for Xylella fastidiosa, Project 5. Government of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Peer reviewed

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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    DIGITAL.CSIC
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: Xavier Faïn;
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  • Authors: Jose A. Caparrós-Martín; Montserrat Saladié; S. Patricia Agudelo-Romero; Kristy S. Nichol; +6 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder with a high degree of interindividual variability. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is common in COPD patients and has been proposed to influence the clinical progression of the disease. Using the presence of bile acid(s) (BA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) as a marker of gastric aspiration, we evaluated the relationships between BAs, clinical outcomes, and bacterial lung colonisation.MethodsWe used BAL specimens from a cohort of COPD patients and healthy controls. Bile acids were profiled and quantified in BAL supernatants using mass spectrometry. Microbial DNA was extracted from BAL cell pellets and quantified using qPCR. We profiled the BAL microbiota using an amplicon sequencing approach targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsDetection of BAs in BAL was more likely at earliest clinical stages of COPD and was independent of the degree of airway obstruction. BAL specimens with BAs demonstrated higher bacterial biomass and lower diversity. Likewise, the odds of recovering bacterial cultures from BAL were higher if BAs were also detected. Detection of BAs in BAL was not associated with either inflammatory markers or clinical outcomes. We also observed different bacterial community types in BAL, which were associated with different clinical groups, levels of inflammatory markers, and the degree of airway obstruction.ConclusionDetection of BAs in BAL was associated with different parameters of airway ecology. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether BAs in BAL can be used to stratify patients and for predicting disease progression trajectories.

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  • Authors: Murat Aydin;
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  • Authors: Vasilii Petrenko;
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: X. Faïn; D. M. Etheridge; D. M. Etheridge; K. Fourteau; +20 Authors

    Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a naturally occurring atmospheric trace gas, a regulated pollutant, and one of the main components determining the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Evaluating climate–chemistry models under different conditions than today and constraining past CO sources requires a reliable record of atmospheric CO mixing ratios ([CO]) that includes data since preindustrial times. Here, we report the first continuous record of atmospheric [CO] for Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes over the past 3 millennia. Our continuous record is a composite of three high-resolution Antarctic ice core gas records and firn air measurements from seven Antarctic locations. The ice core gas [CO] records were measured by continuous flow analysis (CFA), using an optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer (OF-CEAS), achieving excellent external precision (2.8–8.8 ppb; 2σ) and consistently low blanks (ranging from 4.1±1.2 to 7.4±1.4 ppb), thus enabling paleo-atmospheric interpretations. Six new firn air [CO] Antarctic datasets collected between 1993 and 2016 CE at the DE08-2, DSSW19K, DSSW20K, South Pole, Aurora Basin North (ABN), and Lock-In sites (and one previously published firn CO dataset at Berkner) were used to reconstruct the atmospheric history of CO from ∼1897 CE, using inverse modeling that incorporates the influence of gas transport in firn. Excellent consistency was observed between the youngest ice core gas [CO] and the [CO] from the base of the firn and between the recent firn [CO] and atmospheric [CO] measurements at Mawson station (eastern Antarctica), yielding a consistent and contiguous record of CO across these different archives. Our Antarctic [CO] record is relatively stable from −835 to 1500 CE, with mixing ratios within a 30–45 ppb range (2σ). There is a ∼5 ppb decrease in [CO] to a minimum at around 1700 CE during the Little Ice Age. CO mixing ratios then increase over time to reach a maximum of ∼54 ppb by ∼1985 CE. Most of the industrial period [CO] growth occurred between about 1940 to 1985 CE, after which there was an overall [CO] decrease, as observed in Greenland firn air and later at atmospheric monitoring sites and attributed partly to reduced CO emissions from combustion sources. Our Antarctic ice core gas CO observations differ from previously published records in two key aspects. First, our mixing ratios are significantly lower than reported previously, suggesting that previous studies underestimated blank contributions. Second, our new CO record does not show a maximum in the late 1800s. The absence of a [CO] peak around the turn of the century argues against there being a peak in Southern Hemisphere biomass burning at this time, which is in agreement with (i) other paleofire proxies such as ethane or acetylene and (ii) conclusions reached by paleofire modeling. The combined ice core and firn air [CO] history, spanning −835 to 1992 CE, extended to the present by the Mawson atmospheric record, provides a useful benchmark for future atmospheric chemistry modeling studies. International audience

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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2023
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2023
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
      Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Climate of the Past
      Article . 2023
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Tian, Kang; Goodwin, Daniel; Gallagher, Elaine; Smith, Heather;

    In this research, we examine the relationship between customer satisfaction with water and wastewater services, demographic factors, communication with the utility, and perceived trustworthiness. Through a survey of the UK public ([Formula: see text]), we found that 77% of the respondents stated they were satisfied with their water and wastewater services. Statistical analysis highlighted significant demographic differences in the level of satisfaction, particularly by age, with higher satisfaction in older respondents. We found that the degree to which respondents think their water utility can be trusted to provide accurate information predicted satisfaction, as did more frequent engagement with a water utility’s social media. More frequently contacting a water utility or discussing water services with friends and family both negatively predicted satisfaction. Meeting the public’s expectations for accurate and timely information is coupled with their perceptions of a water utility’s trustworthiness and their satisfaction with water and wastewater services. Water utilities may increase the satisfaction of their customers through strategies and initiatives that are attentive to the credibility of the information they provide and the means through which they provide it. In summary, our research indicates that the water sector’s ambition to develop more diverse (and inclusive) customer engagement experiences, including through online platforms and social media, may deliver benefits (particularly with the less engaged and younger age groups across varying regional water governance contexts) that complement the overall efforts to build trust and satisfaction, but we acknowledge that these are complex long-term processes.

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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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    Water Economics and Policy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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      Water Economics and Policy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: María P. VELASCO-AMO; Antonio VICENT; Pablo J. ZARCO-TEJADA; Juan A. NAVAS-CORTÉS; +1 Authors

    Xylella fastidiosa is a major transboundary plant pest, causing severe socioeconomic impacts. Development of preventive strategies and methods for surveillance, early detection, monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of X. fastidiosa and its vectors, are keys to preventing the effects of this plant pathogen, and assist timely eradication or optimisation of containment measures. This review focuses on approaches for early detection of X. fastidiosa in the Mediterranean Basin, including development of climatic suitability risk maps to determine areas of potential establishment, and epidemiological models to assist in outbreak management through optimized surveillance and targeted responses. The usefulness of airborne hyperspectral and thermal images from remote sensing to discriminate X. fastidiosa infections from other biotic and abioticinduced spectral signatures is also discussed. The most commonly used methods for identifying X. fastidiosa in infected plants and vectors, and the molecular approaches available to genetically characterize X. fastidiosa strains, are described. Each of these approaches has trade-offs, but stepwise or simultaneous combinations of these methods may help to contain X. fastidiosa epidemics in the Mediterranean Basin. Some of the research presented in this review was funded by the following projects: BeXyl (Beyond Xylella, Integrated Management Strategies for Mitigating Xylella fastidiosa impact in Europe; grant ID 101060593, from European Union’s Horizon Europe ‘Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment’ Programme); XF-ACTORS (Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a Multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy; grant 727987, from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Research Programme); POnTE (Pest Organisms Threatening Europe; grant ID 635646, from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Research Programme); E-RTA2017-00004-C06-02 (Desarrollo de estrategias de erradicación, contención y control de X. fastidiosa en España) from ‘Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad of the Spanish Government AEI-INIA Spain’ and the Spanish Olive Oil Interprofesional; Project P18-RT-4184 from Junta de Andalucia and the European Regional Development Fund; and the Intramural Project 201840E111 and the Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform on X. fastidiosa (PTI Sol-Xyl) from CSIC. 60th MPU Anniversary Special Section. Peer reviewed

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    Phytopathologia Mediterranea
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Phytopathologia Mediterranea
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Phytopathologia Mediterranea
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Phytopathologia Mediterranea
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: McPhearson, Timon; Kabisch, Nadja; Frantzeskaki, Niki;

    Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being adopted to address climate change, health, and urban sustainability, yet ensuring they are effective and inclusive remains a challenge. Addressing these challenges through chapters by leading experts in both global south and north contexts, this forward-looking book advances the science of NBS in cities and discusses the frontiers for next-generation urban NBS.

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    https://doi.org/10.15488/14520...
    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.15488/14520...
      Book . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Anna Kłoczko-Gajewska; Agata Malak-Rawlikowska; Edward Majewski; Adam Wilkinson; +6 Authors

    Shortening food supply chains attracts increasing support from policymakers, to improve returns to farmers and stimulate rural development. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies. To address this, the article quantifies the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies, using the Keynesian-based Local Multiplier 3 method (LM3), applied to a unique dataset of 122 farm businesses from five European Union countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom). Estimations cover 305 market chains, comprising both short and long food supply chains, in which sampled farmers participate. The results indicate that the revenues from farm production remain largely within local economies, generating a substantial multiplier effect (LM3 > 2). This effect stems from purchases of farm inputs locally including, in the first instance, hiring local labour, as well as the expenditures of local suppliers that re-spend part of their revenues within the local area. The multiplier effects of short food supply chains are similar to long food supply chain equivalents as both use largely local labour and source tradable inputs locally. In shaping food chain policy a broader set of socioeconomic benefits to local development from selling through short food supply chains should be considered. International audience

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao European Urban and R...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    European Urban and Regional Studies
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: SAGE TDM
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao European Urban and R...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      European Urban and Regional Studies
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Poblete, Tomás; Navas Cortés, Juan Antonio; Hornero, Alberto; Camino, Carlos; +4 Authors

    Infection by the fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd) and the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) threatens the production of olives (Olea europaea L.) and almonds (Prunus dulcis Mill.) worldwide. Producing symptoms that resemble water stress or nutrient deficiency, infection by these vascular pathogens restricts water and nutrient flow through the xylem. Hyperspectral, narrow-band multispectral, and thermal imagery acquired at a high spatial resolution can detect disease symptoms, even before they are visible, potentially allowing growers to distinguish infected plants from those affected by confounding environmental stresses. Nevertheless, operational detection of vascular disease using high-resolution commercial satellite multispectral images remains to be evaluated. Here, we assessed the capacity of high-resolution Worldview-2 and -3 multispectral imagery to detect Xf and Vd infections in olive and almond orchards in Spain, Italy, and Australia between 2011 and 2021. We compared the accuracy of detecting both pathogens using the satellite imagery with results obtained using aerial high-resolution hyperspectral and thermal imaging, with model-inverted plant traits, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), and thermal data as a reference. Our results using spectral plant traits to examine disease progression at all stages showed that traits and their importance varied as a function of disease severity. Worldview-2 and -3 detected the disease incidence with overall accuracies ranging from 0.63 to 0.83 and kappa coefficients (κ) ranging from 0.29 to 0.68. Nevertheless, detecting the early stages of disease with multispectral satellite data yielded poorer results, with κ values of 0.22–0.45, compared with κ values of 0.3–0.69 obtained from hyperspectral data. Typical multispectral bandsets available from satellite sensors cannot measure important plant traits such as the blue index NPQI, xanthophyll proxy PRIn, SIF, and anthocyanin levels, thus explaining the poorer results obtained from multispectral satellite data for the early detection of vascular diseases. Adding a thermal-based crop water stress indicator to the satellite data improved the overall accuracies by 10–15% and increased κ by >0.2 units. This work shows that commercial multispectral high-spatial resolution imagery can be used to detect intermediate and advanced Xf and Vd infection, but that the early detection of disease symptoms requires hyperspectral and thermal data. The study was partially funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through grant agreements POnTE (635646) and XF-ACTORS (727987), as well as by projects AGL2009-13105 from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, P08-AGR-03528 and P18-RT-4184 from the Regional Government of Andalusia and the European Social Fund, project E-RTA2017-00004-02 from “Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad” of Spain and FEDER, Intramural Project 201840E111 from CSIC and ITS2017-095: Design and Implementation of control strategies for Xylella fastidiosa, Project 5. Government of the Balearic Islands, Spain. Peer reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cronfa at Swansea Un...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    DIGITAL.CSIC
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Cronfa at Swansea Un...arrow_drop_down
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
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  • Authors: Xavier Faïn;
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  • Authors: Jose A. Caparrós-Martín; Montserrat Saladié; S. Patricia Agudelo-Romero; Kristy S. Nichol; +6 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex disorder with a high degree of interindividual variability. Gastrointestinal dysfunction is common in COPD patients and has been proposed to influence the clinical progression of the disease. Using the presence of bile acid(s) (BA) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) as a marker of gastric aspiration, we evaluated the relationships between BAs, clinical outcomes, and bacterial lung colonisation.MethodsWe used BAL specimens from a cohort of COPD patients and healthy controls. Bile acids were profiled and quantified in BAL supernatants using mass spectrometry. Microbial DNA was extracted from BAL cell pellets and quantified using qPCR. We profiled the BAL microbiota using an amplicon sequencing approach targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsDetection of BAs in BAL was more likely at earliest clinical stages of COPD and was independent of the degree of airway obstruction. BAL specimens with BAs demonstrated higher bacterial biomass and lower diversity. Likewise, the odds of recovering bacterial cultures from BAL were higher if BAs were also detected. Detection of BAs in BAL was not associated with either inflammatory markers or clinical outcomes. We also observed different bacterial community types in BAL, which were associated with different clinical groups, levels of inflammatory markers, and the degree of airway obstruction.ConclusionDetection of BAs in BAL was associated with different parameters of airway ecology. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether BAs in BAL can be used to stratify patients and for predicting disease progression trajectories.

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  • Authors: Murat Aydin;
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  • Authors: Vasilii Petrenko;
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    Authors: X. Faïn; D. M. Etheridge; D. M. Etheridge; K. Fourteau; +20 Authors

    Abstract. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a naturally occurring atmospheric trace gas, a regulated pollutant, and one of the main components determining the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. Evaluating climate–chemistry models under different conditions than today and constraining past CO sources requires a reliable record of atmospheric CO mixing ratios ([CO]) that includes data since preindustrial times. Here, we report the first continuous record of atmospheric [CO] for Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitudes over the past 3 millennia. Our continuous record is a composite of three high-resolution Antarctic ice core gas records and firn air measurements from seven Antarctic locations. The ice core gas [CO] records were measured by continuous flow analysis (CFA), using an optical feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer (OF-CEAS), achieving excellent external precision (2.8–8.8 ppb; 2σ) and consistently low blanks (ranging from 4.1±1.2 to 7.4±1.4 ppb), thus enabling paleo-atmospheric interpretations. Six new firn air [CO] Antarctic datasets collected between 1993 and 2016 CE at the DE08-2, DSSW19K, DSSW20K, South Pole, Aurora Basin North (ABN), and Lock-In sites (and one previously published firn CO dataset at Berkner) were used to reconstruct the atmospheric history of CO from ∼1897 CE, using inverse modeling that incorporates the influence of gas transport in firn. Excellent consistency was observed between the youngest ice core gas [CO] and the [CO] from the base of the firn and between the recent firn [CO] and atmospheric [CO] measurements at Mawson station (eastern Antarctica), yielding a consistent and contiguous record of CO across these different archives. Our Antarctic [CO] record is relatively stable from −835 to 1500 CE, with mixing ratios within a 30–45 ppb range (2σ). There is a ∼5 ppb decrease in [CO] to a minimum at around 1700 CE during the Little Ice Age. CO mixing ratios then increase over time to reach a maximum of ∼54 ppb by ∼1985 CE. Most of the industrial period [CO] growth occurred between about 1940 to 1985 CE, after which there was an overall [CO] decrease, as observed in Greenland firn air and later at atmospheric monitoring sites and attributed partly to reduced CO emissions from combustion sources. Our Antarctic ice core gas CO observations differ from previously published records in two key aspects. First, our mixing ratios are significantly lower than reported previously, suggesting that previous studies underestimated blank contributions. Second, our new CO record does not show a maximum in the late 1800s. The absence of a [CO] peak around the turn of the century argues against there being a peak in Southern Hemisphere biomass burning at this time, which is in agreement with (i) other paleofire proxies such as ethane or acetylene and (ii) conclusions reached by paleofire modeling. The combined ice core and firn air [CO] history, spanning −835 to 1992 CE, extended to the present by the Mawson atmospheric record, provides a useful benchmark for future atmospheric chemistry modeling studies. International audience

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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
    Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Climate of the Past
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Apollo
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Apollo
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    Climate of the Past (CP)
    Other literature type . 2023
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-202...
      Preprint . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Climate of the Past
      Article . 2023
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      Apollo
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Apollo
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      Climate of the Past (CP)
      Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Tian, Kang; Goodwin, Daniel; Gallagher, Elaine; Smith, Heather;

    In this research, we examine the relationship between customer satisfaction with water and wastewater services, demographic factors, communication with the utility, and perceived trustworthiness. Through a survey of the UK public ([Formula: see text]), we found that 77% of the respondents stated they were satisfied with their water and wastewater services. Statistical analysis highlighted significant demographic differences in the level of satisfaction, particularly by age, with higher satisfaction in older respondents. We found that the degree to which respondents think their water utility can be trusted to provide accurate information predicted satisfaction, as did more frequent engagement with a water utility’s social media. More frequently contacting a water utility or discussing water services with friends and family both negatively predicted satisfaction. Meeting the public’s expectations for accurate and timely information is coupled with their perceptions of a water utility’s trustworthiness and their satisfaction with water and wastewater services. Water utilities may increase the satisfaction of their customers through strategies and initiatives that are attentive to the credibility of the information they provide and the means through which they provide it. In summary, our research indicates that the water sector’s ambition to develop more diverse (and inclusive) customer engagement experiences, including through online platforms and social media, may deliver benefits (particularly with the less engaged and younger age groups across varying regional water governance contexts) that complement the overall efforts to build trust and satisfaction, but we acknowledge that these are complex long-term processes.

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    Cranfield CERES
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Cranfield CERES
    Water Economics and Policy
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Cranfield CERES
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Cranfield CERES
      Water Economics and Policy
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: María P. VELASCO-AMO; Antonio VICENT; Pablo J. ZARCO-TEJADA; Juan A. NAVAS-CORTÉS; +1 Authors

    Xylella fastidiosa is a major transboundary plant pest, causing severe socioeconomic impacts. Development of preventive strategies and methods for surveillance, early detection, monitoring, and accurate diagnosis of X. fastidiosa and its vectors, are keys to preventing the effects of this plant pathogen, and assist timely eradication or optimisation of containment measures. This review focuses on approaches for early detection of X. fastidiosa in the Mediterranean Basin, including development of climatic suitability risk maps to determine areas of potential establishment, and epidemiological models to assist in outbreak management through optimized surveillance and targeted responses. The usefulness of airborne hyperspectral and thermal images from remote sensing to discriminate X. fastidiosa infections from other biotic and abioticinduced spectral signatures is also discussed. The most commonly used methods for identifying X. fastidiosa in infected plants and vectors, and the molecular approaches available to genetically characterize X. fastidiosa strains, are described. Each of these approaches has trade-offs, but stepwise or simultaneous combinations of these methods may help to contain X. fastidiosa epidemics in the Mediterranean Basin. Some of the research presented in this review was funded by the following projects: BeXyl (Beyond Xylella, Integrated Management Strategies for Mitigating Xylella fastidiosa impact in Europe; grant ID 101060593, from European Union’s Horizon Europe ‘Food, Bioeconomy Natural Resources, Agriculture and Environment’ Programme); XF-ACTORS (Xylella fastidiosa Active Containment Through a Multidisciplinary-Oriented Research Strategy; grant 727987, from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Research Programme); POnTE (Pest Organisms Threatening Europe; grant ID 635646, from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Research Programme); E-RTA2017-00004-C06-02 (Desarrollo de estrategias de erradicación, contención y control de X. fastidiosa en España) from ‘Programa Estatal de I+D+I Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad of the Spanish Government AEI-INIA Spain’ and the Spanish Olive Oil Interprofesional; Project P18-RT-4184 from Junta de Andalucia and the European Regional Development Fund; and the Intramural Project 201840E111 and the Thematic Interdisciplinary Platform on X. fastidiosa (PTI Sol-Xyl) from CSIC. 60th MPU Anniversary Special Section. Peer reviewed

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    Phytopathologia Mediterranea
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Phytopathologia Mediterranea
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      Phytopathologia Mediterranea
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Phytopathologia Mediterranea
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: McPhearson, Timon; Kabisch, Nadja; Frantzeskaki, Niki;

    Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly being adopted to address climate change, health, and urban sustainability, yet ensuring they are effective and inclusive remains a challenge. Addressing these challenges through chapters by leading experts in both global south and north contexts, this forward-looking book advances the science of NBS in cities and discusses the frontiers for next-generation urban NBS.

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    https://doi.org/10.15488/14520...
    Book . 2023
    License: CC BY NC ND
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://doi.org/10.15488/14520...
      Book . 2023
      License: CC BY NC ND
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