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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rok Novak; Johanna Amalia Robinson; Tjaša Kanduč; Dimosthenis Sarigiannis; +2 Authors

    Participatory exposure research, which tracks behaviour and assesses exposure to stressors like air pollution, traditionally relies on time-activity diaries. This study introduces a novel approach, employing machine learning (ML) to empower laypersons in human activity recognition (HAR), aiming to reduce dependence on manual recording by leveraging data from wearable sensors. Recognising complex activities such as smoking and cooking presents unique challenges due to specific environmental conditions. In this research, we combined wearable environment/ambient and wrist-worn activity/biometric sensors for complex activity recognition in an urban stressor exposure study, measuring parameters like particulate matter concentrations, temperature, and humidity. Two groups, Group H (88 individuals) and Group M (18 individuals), wore the devices and manually logged their activities hourly and minutely, respectively. Prioritising accessibility and inclusivity, we selected three classification algorithms: k-nearest neighbours (IBk), decision trees (J48), and random forests (RF), based on: (1) proven efficacy in existing literature, (2) understandability and transparency for laypersons, (3) availability on user-friendly platforms like WEKA, and (4) efficiency on basic devices such as office laptops or smartphones. Accuracy improved with finer temporal resolution and detailed activity categories. However, when compared to other published human activity recognition research, our accuracy rates, particularly for less complex activities, were not as competitive. Misclassifications were higher for vague activities (resting, playing), while well-defined activities (smoking, cooking, running) had few errors. Including environmental sensor data increased accuracy for all activities, especially playing, smoking, and running. Future work should consider exploring other explainable algorithms available on diverse tools and platforms. Our findings underscore ML’s potential in exposure studies, emphasising its adaptability and significance for laypersons while also highlighting areas for improvement.

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    Sensors
    Article . 2023
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    Sensors
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Sensorsarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
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      Sensors
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Georgios Kanellis; Dionisis Stefanitsis; Myrto Zeneli; Nikolaos Nikolopoulos; +1 Authors

    In this work, a DDPM-CFD model is developed in ANSYS® Fluent for the simulation of the indirectly heated, bubbling calciner of the 300kWth dual fluidized bed pilot plant located at Technische Universität Darmstadt. The calciner is heated by 72 heat pipes that carry the heat from an external combustor. Regarding the heat transfer, both convection and radiation are considered in the model. Regarding the modelling of the drag forces, flow heterogeneity aspects are considered by applying the Energy Minimization Multi-Scale (EMMS) scheme. However, the application of DDPM in such dense, bubbling flows considered here proved to be challenging, demanding several advancements and customizations. To this end, this study proposes mainly three advancements; i) The inter-particle forces are modelled using custom user defined functions incorporating both normal and tangential components. In particular, KTGF-based correlations are applied at dilute regions, while at dense regions the solid pressure is modelled according to Harris and Crighton, and the shear and bulk viscosities are modelled using correlations based on the plastic theory. ii) It is shown that, in order to correctly predict the overall pressure drop, the Lagrangian particle momentum equation should be reformulated according to Model A formulation to be consistent with the solved gas-phase momentum equation. iii) In order to capture the correct heat flux levels, the heat flux on the heat pipe heat exchanger walls is modelled in the Eulerian reference frame scaling the temperature gradient on the wall to take into account the thin thermal boundary layer. Τhe DDPM results are compared against those of an already validated Eulerian TFM model, in terms of calculated flow patterns, volume fractions, pressure profiles and heat fluxes. In addition, both models are assessed for their computational cost. The developed DDPM model predicts practically the same overall pressure drop with the TFM model. However, it overpredicts the bed length by 12% when using the default grid. This reduces to 6% when using a finer grid comprising double computational cells. As for the heat fluxes and the calcination reaction rate, both models predict similar levels and their differences are attributed to the differences in hydrodynamics. Peer reviewed

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    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Jennifer James; Chedly Kastally; Katharina B Budde; Santiago C González-Martínez; +131 Authors

    New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 12. 12. 2023. Število sodelavcev v konzorciju GenTree Consortium: 128. Sodelavca pri raziskavi: M. Bajc. M. Westergen. Bibliografija: str. 15-16. Abstract.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Molecular Biology an...arrow_drop_down
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    Article . 2023
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    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Molecular Biology an...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Georgios Mylonas; Lidia Pocero Fraile; Stelios Tsampas; Athanasios Kalogeras;

    Monitoring noise pollution in urban areas in a more systematic manner has been gaining traction as a theme among the research community, especially with the rise of smart cities and the IoT. However, although it affects our everyday life in a profound way, monitoring indoor noise levels inside workplaces and public buildings has so far grabbed less of our attention. In this work, we report on noise levels data produced by an IoT infrastructure installed inside 5 school buildings in Greece. Our results indicate that such data can help to produce a more accurate picture of the conditions that students and educators experience every day, and also provide useful insights in terms of health risks and aural comfort. Preprint submitted to the WSACC 2023 workshop, organized in the scope of the 9th IEEE International Smart Cities Conference 2023

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/isc257...
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/isc257...
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    Authors: Georgios Kanellis; Myrto Zeneli; Nikolaos Nikolopoulos; Carina Hofmann; +3 Authors

    This study focuses for the first time on the transient three-dimensional CFD simulation of the novel bubbling-bed calciner of an indirectly heated calcium looping pilot plant. The granular flow in the calciner is modelled according to the state-of-the-art Eulerian–Eulerian (Two Fluid Model — TFM) approach. To take into account flow heterogeneity aspects, the drag coefficient is modelled applying the sub-grid energy-minimization multiscale (EMMS) scheme, customized for the specific operating conditions. For the calcination kinetics a changing grain size model (CGSM) from Labiano et al. is used. An important advancement of the current approach lies on the consideration of all the related heat transfer mechanisms from the heat pipes towards the bubbling bed, i.e., both convection and radiation are considered. The simulation results are verified against data measurements obtained from an experimental campaign performed at Technische Universität Darmstadt. The CFD model provides an accurate pressure profile along the calciner height, having a maximum difference of 15 mbar (12% of the total experimental pressure drop) with the experiments. In addition, the CO2 mass fraction at the outlet is successfully predicted with an error of only 3%. Concerning the heat flux, a mesh independent solution with computationally affordable grid size was not possible due to the thin thermal boundary layer, which has also been reported in all relevant research. Nevertheless, the provided solution was found to be almost mesh independent hydrodynamically. For this reason, an estimation of the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe heat exchanger was made by using several 0-D mechanistic models, which take as input hydrodynamic data obtained from CFD. As a follow-up, the CFD model combined with the empirical heat transfer correlations is indicatively used to parametrically investigate the effect of fluidization velocity on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe heat exchanger. Through this study, this paper sheds important light on the effect of hydrodynamics on the radiative and convective components of heat transfer. It is shown that a 20% change in fluidization velocity will mildly (¡2%) affect the total heat flux, due to its counterbalancing effect on the radiative and convective components. Peer reviewed

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    Fuel
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Fuel
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Miguel‐Berges, María L.; Mouratidou, Theodora; Santaliestra‐Pasias, Alba; Androutsos, Odysseas; +9 Authors

    SummaryBackgroundLifestyle behaviours related to diet and physical activity are associated with increased risk of obesity and evidence suggests that associations might be stronger when a synergetic effect is examined.ObjectiveTo examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between diet, screen time (ST) and step recommendations and risk of overweight and obesity in European preschoolers participating in the ToyBox‐study.MethodsIn this cluster‐randomized clinical trial, 718 children (51.4% boys) from six European countries participated. Parents filled out questionnaires with information on socio‐demographic status, step recommendations and ST.ResultsLongitudinal results indicate that participants having a low Diet Quality Index (DQI), not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had higher odds of having overweight/obesity at T1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.104–2.562) than those children having a high DQI and meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1. Similarly, participants having a high DQI, but not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had increased odds of having overweight/obesity (OR = 2.515; 95% CI = 1.171–3.021).ConclusionsThe proportion of participants having a low DQI, not adhering to both step and ST recommendations was very high, and it was associated with a higher probability of having overweight and obesity.

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    Pediatric Obesity
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Pediatric Obesity
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Alexis Conides; Ilias Kallias; Efthimia Cotou; Panos Georgiou; +2 Authors

    Antifouling management for aquaculture cage nets has developed over the years to reduce the costs of cleaning the nets and minimize the damages caused to the nets by the encrustation of benthic organisms. There have been various approaches to this end such as using toxic paints (TBT-SPC, etc.) and nanomaterial coatings, mechanical cleaning using brushes, and constructing the net using copper alloys instead of nylon (or other) material, etc. We designed and constructed experimental fish farm nets substituting Dyneema® fibers with uncoated copper wire 0.15-0.2 mm in diameter by 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% and deployed them in a commercial operating fish farm for almost 7 months. We examined their antifouling performance based on the percentage of mesh openness remaining by the end of the experimental period. The results showed that the antifouling performance increased with copper substitution level and peaked at a level of 29.79% and maximum mesh openness at 46.5%.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao WSEAS TRANSACTIONS O...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao WSEAS TRANSACTIONS O...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Karl Schrab; Maximilian Neubauer; Robert Protzmann; Ilja Radusch; +3 Authors

    Mixed traffic of conventional and automated vehicles entails many challenges concerning the safe coexistence and the improvement of traffic efficiency. As a solution, a Traffic Management Center (TMC) combines information from physical sensors and communicated data to enable advanced traffic controllers. Since there is no sufficient penetration rate of automated vehicles nowadays, such a solution could be developed and tested with synthetically generated data using simulation, which models the future Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This paper addresses the challenges for evaluation of such a system by the means of simulation. For this purpose, we present the Eclipse MOSAIC Multi-Domain Simulation Framework, which provides the possibility to couple best-in-class simulators of the domains traffic, application, and communication, as well as to include further models and external native code libraries. Moreover, we discuss modeling extensions for traffic control algorithms and our method to create a highway scenario based on real traffic data. As primary result, many research questions for mixed traffic and ITS could be investigated using the MOSAIC framework. In an exemplary study, we analyze the deployment effort for infrastructure and communication technologies in order to facilitate a Mainstream Traffic Flow Controller in a realistic scenario with mixed traffic. Simulations performed with MOSAIC confirmed that traffic efficiency improvement is feasible even with fewer infrastructure components, thus with less cost.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
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    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao IEEE Transactions on...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Manuel Alméstar; Sara Romero-Muñoz; Nieves Mestre; Uriel Fogué; +2 Authors

    NBS provides the technical basis for adaptation to climate change, and co-creation is the vehicle for the co-production of knowledge and innovation, both forming a strong binomial for the UE Green Infrastructures Strategy. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges for the implementation of effective co-creation strategies is the incorporation of knowledge from diverse social systems. Knowledge production has been approached through different methodological models, such as the quintuple helix innovation by Carayannis, or the diffuse/expert knowledge model by Manzini. These theoretical models are based on linear knowledge transfers, without sufficiently depicting alternative knowledge flows among (un)conventional actors. In view of these limitations, the research proposes a third strategy: the KREBS cycle of creativity defined by Oxman is a conceptual map capable of describing knowledge transfers across the four modalities of human creativity (i.e., science, engineering, design, and art). Providing sufficient “creative energy” in a co-creation process would guarantee the successful production of knowledge. Thus, the research seeks to illuminate different co-creation strategies to promote “creative energy” in the design of the Cyborg Garden (CG) in Madrid, giving a novel application to Oxman’s methodological framework based on the Carayannis’s and Manzini’s models.

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    Land
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Land
    Article . 2023
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      Land
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Land
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Charalampos Zarras; Theodoros Karampatakis; Styliani Pappa; Elias Iosifidis; +3 Authors

    Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a serious public health issue. The study aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance and accessory genes, the clonal relatedness, and the evolutionary dynamics of selected CRKP isolates recovered in an adult and pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Greece. Methods: Twenty-four CRKP isolates recovered during 2018–2022 were included in the study. Next-generation sequencing was performed using the Ion Torrent PGM Platform. The identification of the plasmid content, MLST, and antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as the comparison of multiple genome alignments and the identification of core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism sites, were performed using various bioinformatics software. Results: The isolates belonged to eight sequence types: 11, 15, 30, 35, 39, 307, 323, and 512. A variety of carbapenemases (KPC, VIM, NDM, and OXA-48) and resistance genes were detected. CRKP strains shared visually common genomic regions with the reference strain (NTUH-K2044). ST15, ST323, ST39, and ST11 CRKP isolates presented on average 17, 6, 16, and 866 recombined SNPs, respectively. All isolates belonging to ST15, ST323, and ST39 were classified into distinct phylogenetic branches, while ST11 isolates were assigned to a two-subclade branch. For large CRKP sets, the phylogeny seems to change approximately every seven SNPs. Conclusions: The current study provides insight into the genetic characterization of CRKP isolates in the ICUs of a tertiary hospital. Our results indicate clonal dispersion of ST15, ST323, and ST39 and highly diverged ST11 isolates.

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    Antibiotics
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Antibiotics
    Article . 2023
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      Antibiotics
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rok Novak; Johanna Amalia Robinson; Tjaša Kanduč; Dimosthenis Sarigiannis; +2 Authors

    Participatory exposure research, which tracks behaviour and assesses exposure to stressors like air pollution, traditionally relies on time-activity diaries. This study introduces a novel approach, employing machine learning (ML) to empower laypersons in human activity recognition (HAR), aiming to reduce dependence on manual recording by leveraging data from wearable sensors. Recognising complex activities such as smoking and cooking presents unique challenges due to specific environmental conditions. In this research, we combined wearable environment/ambient and wrist-worn activity/biometric sensors for complex activity recognition in an urban stressor exposure study, measuring parameters like particulate matter concentrations, temperature, and humidity. Two groups, Group H (88 individuals) and Group M (18 individuals), wore the devices and manually logged their activities hourly and minutely, respectively. Prioritising accessibility and inclusivity, we selected three classification algorithms: k-nearest neighbours (IBk), decision trees (J48), and random forests (RF), based on: (1) proven efficacy in existing literature, (2) understandability and transparency for laypersons, (3) availability on user-friendly platforms like WEKA, and (4) efficiency on basic devices such as office laptops or smartphones. Accuracy improved with finer temporal resolution and detailed activity categories. However, when compared to other published human activity recognition research, our accuracy rates, particularly for less complex activities, were not as competitive. Misclassifications were higher for vague activities (resting, playing), while well-defined activities (smoking, cooking, running) had few errors. Including environmental sensor data increased accuracy for all activities, especially playing, smoking, and running. Future work should consider exploring other explainable algorithms available on diverse tools and platforms. Our findings underscore ML’s potential in exposure studies, emphasising its adaptability and significance for laypersons while also highlighting areas for improvement.

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    Sensors
    Article . 2023
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    Sensors
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Georgios Kanellis; Dionisis Stefanitsis; Myrto Zeneli; Nikolaos Nikolopoulos; +1 Authors

    In this work, a DDPM-CFD model is developed in ANSYS® Fluent for the simulation of the indirectly heated, bubbling calciner of the 300kWth dual fluidized bed pilot plant located at Technische Universität Darmstadt. The calciner is heated by 72 heat pipes that carry the heat from an external combustor. Regarding the heat transfer, both convection and radiation are considered in the model. Regarding the modelling of the drag forces, flow heterogeneity aspects are considered by applying the Energy Minimization Multi-Scale (EMMS) scheme. However, the application of DDPM in such dense, bubbling flows considered here proved to be challenging, demanding several advancements and customizations. To this end, this study proposes mainly three advancements; i) The inter-particle forces are modelled using custom user defined functions incorporating both normal and tangential components. In particular, KTGF-based correlations are applied at dilute regions, while at dense regions the solid pressure is modelled according to Harris and Crighton, and the shear and bulk viscosities are modelled using correlations based on the plastic theory. ii) It is shown that, in order to correctly predict the overall pressure drop, the Lagrangian particle momentum equation should be reformulated according to Model A formulation to be consistent with the solved gas-phase momentum equation. iii) In order to capture the correct heat flux levels, the heat flux on the heat pipe heat exchanger walls is modelled in the Eulerian reference frame scaling the temperature gradient on the wall to take into account the thin thermal boundary layer. Τhe DDPM results are compared against those of an already validated Eulerian TFM model, in terms of calculated flow patterns, volume fractions, pressure profiles and heat fluxes. In addition, both models are assessed for their computational cost. The developed DDPM model predicts practically the same overall pressure drop with the TFM model. However, it overpredicts the bed length by 12% when using the default grid. This reduces to 6% when using a finer grid comprising double computational cells. As for the heat fluxes and the calcination reaction rate, both models predict similar levels and their differences are attributed to the differences in hydrodynamics. Peer reviewed

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    Authors: Jennifer James; Chedly Kastally; Katharina B Budde; Santiago C González-Martínez; +131 Authors

    New mutations provide the raw material for evolution and adaptation. The distribution of fitness effects (DFE) describes the spectrum of effects of new mutations that can occur along a genome, and is, therefore, of vital interest in evolutionary biology. Recent work has uncovered striking similarities in the DFE between closely related species, prompting us to ask whether there is variation in the DFE among populations of the same species, or among species with different degrees of divergence, that is whether there is variation in the DFE at different levels of evolution. Using exome capture data from six tree species sampled across Europe we characterized the DFE for multiple species, and for each species, multiple populations, and investigated the factors potentially influencing the DFE, such as demography, population divergence, and genetic background. We find statistical support for the presence of variation in the DFE at the species level, even among relatively closely related species. However, we find very little difference at the population level, suggesting that differences in the DFE are primarily driven by deep features of species biology, and those evolutionarily recent events, such as demographic changes and local adaptation, have little impact. Nasl. z nasl. zaslona. Opis vira z dne 12. 12. 2023. Število sodelavcev v konzorciju GenTree Consortium: 128. Sodelavca pri raziskavi: M. Bajc. M. Westergen. Bibliografija: str. 15-16. Abstract.

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    Authors: Georgios Mylonas; Lidia Pocero Fraile; Stelios Tsampas; Athanasios Kalogeras;

    Monitoring noise pollution in urban areas in a more systematic manner has been gaining traction as a theme among the research community, especially with the rise of smart cities and the IoT. However, although it affects our everyday life in a profound way, monitoring indoor noise levels inside workplaces and public buildings has so far grabbed less of our attention. In this work, we report on noise levels data produced by an IoT infrastructure installed inside 5 school buildings in Greece. Our results indicate that such data can help to produce a more accurate picture of the conditions that students and educators experience every day, and also provide useful insights in terms of health risks and aural comfort. Preprint submitted to the WSACC 2023 workshop, organized in the scope of the 9th IEEE International Smart Cities Conference 2023

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/isc257...
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    Authors: Georgios Kanellis; Myrto Zeneli; Nikolaos Nikolopoulos; Carina Hofmann; +3 Authors

    This study focuses for the first time on the transient three-dimensional CFD simulation of the novel bubbling-bed calciner of an indirectly heated calcium looping pilot plant. The granular flow in the calciner is modelled according to the state-of-the-art Eulerian–Eulerian (Two Fluid Model — TFM) approach. To take into account flow heterogeneity aspects, the drag coefficient is modelled applying the sub-grid energy-minimization multiscale (EMMS) scheme, customized for the specific operating conditions. For the calcination kinetics a changing grain size model (CGSM) from Labiano et al. is used. An important advancement of the current approach lies on the consideration of all the related heat transfer mechanisms from the heat pipes towards the bubbling bed, i.e., both convection and radiation are considered. The simulation results are verified against data measurements obtained from an experimental campaign performed at Technische Universität Darmstadt. The CFD model provides an accurate pressure profile along the calciner height, having a maximum difference of 15 mbar (12% of the total experimental pressure drop) with the experiments. In addition, the CO2 mass fraction at the outlet is successfully predicted with an error of only 3%. Concerning the heat flux, a mesh independent solution with computationally affordable grid size was not possible due to the thin thermal boundary layer, which has also been reported in all relevant research. Nevertheless, the provided solution was found to be almost mesh independent hydrodynamically. For this reason, an estimation of the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe heat exchanger was made by using several 0-D mechanistic models, which take as input hydrodynamic data obtained from CFD. As a follow-up, the CFD model combined with the empirical heat transfer correlations is indicatively used to parametrically investigate the effect of fluidization velocity on the heat transfer coefficient of the heat pipe heat exchanger. Through this study, this paper sheds important light on the effect of hydrodynamics on the radiative and convective components of heat transfer. It is shown that a 20% change in fluidization velocity will mildly (¡2%) affect the total heat flux, due to its counterbalancing effect on the radiative and convective components. Peer reviewed

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    Authors: Miguel‐Berges, María L.; Mouratidou, Theodora; Santaliestra‐Pasias, Alba; Androutsos, Odysseas; +9 Authors

    SummaryBackgroundLifestyle behaviours related to diet and physical activity are associated with increased risk of obesity and evidence suggests that associations might be stronger when a synergetic effect is examined.ObjectiveTo examine the cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations between diet, screen time (ST) and step recommendations and risk of overweight and obesity in European preschoolers participating in the ToyBox‐study.MethodsIn this cluster‐randomized clinical trial, 718 children (51.4% boys) from six European countries participated. Parents filled out questionnaires with information on socio‐demographic status, step recommendations and ST.ResultsLongitudinal results indicate that participants having a low Diet Quality Index (DQI), not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had higher odds of having overweight/obesity at T1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.116; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.104–2.562) than those children having a high DQI and meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1. Similarly, participants having a high DQI, but not meeting ST and step recommendations at T0 and T1 had increased odds of having overweight/obesity (OR = 2.515; 95% CI = 1.171–3.021).ConclusionsThe proportion of participants having a low DQI, not adhering to both step and ST recommendations was very high, and it was associated with a higher probability of having overweight and obesity.

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    Pediatric Obesity
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Pediatric Obesity
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Alexis Conides; Ilias Kallias; Efthimia Cotou; Panos Georgiou; +2 Authors

    Antifouling management for aquaculture cage nets has developed over the years to reduce the costs of cleaning the nets and minimize the damages caused to the nets by the encrustation of benthic organisms. There have been various approaches to this end such as using toxic paints (TBT-SPC, etc.) and nanomaterial coatings, mechanical cleaning using brushes, and constructing the net using copper alloys instead of nylon (or other) material, etc. We designed and constructed experimental fish farm nets substituting Dyneema® fibers with uncoated copper wire 0.15-0.2 mm in diameter by 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% and deployed them in a commercial operating fish farm for almost 7 months. We examined their antifouling performance based on the percentage of mesh openness remaining by the end of the experimental period. The results showed that the antifouling performance increased with copper substitution level and peaked at a level of 29.79% and maximum mesh openness at 46.5%.

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    Authors: Karl Schrab; Maximilian Neubauer; Robert Protzmann; Ilja Radusch; +3 Authors

    Mixed traffic of conventional and automated vehicles entails many challenges concerning the safe coexistence and the improvement of traffic efficiency. As a solution, a Traffic Management Center (TMC) combines information from physical sensors and communicated data to enable advanced traffic controllers. Since there is no sufficient penetration rate of automated vehicles nowadays, such a solution could be developed and tested with synthetically generated data using simulation, which models the future Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This paper addresses the challenges for evaluation of such a system by the means of simulation. For this purpose, we present the Eclipse MOSAIC Multi-Domain Simulation Framework, which provides the possibility to couple best-in-class simulators of the domains traffic, application, and communication, as well as to include further models and external native code libraries. Moreover, we discuss modeling extensions for traffic control algorithms and our method to create a highway scenario based on real traffic data. As primary result, many research questions for mixed traffic and ITS could be investigated using the MOSAIC framework. In an exemplary study, we analyze the deployment effort for infrastructure and communication technologies in order to facilitate a Mainstream Traffic Flow Controller in a realistic scenario with mixed traffic. Simulations performed with MOSAIC confirmed that traffic efficiency improvement is feasible even with fewer infrastructure components, thus with less cost.

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    IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Manuel Alméstar; Sara Romero-Muñoz; Nieves Mestre; Uriel Fogué; +2 Authors

    NBS provides the technical basis for adaptation to climate change, and co-creation is the vehicle for the co-production of knowledge and innovation, both forming a strong binomial for the UE Green Infrastructures Strategy. Nonetheless, one of the main challenges for the implementation of effective co-creation strategies is the incorporation of knowledge from diverse social systems. Knowledge production has been approached through different methodological models, such as the quintuple helix innovation by Carayannis, or the diffuse/expert knowledge model by Manzini. These theoretical models are based on linear knowledge transfers, without sufficiently depicting alternative knowledge flows among (un)conventional actors. In view of these limitations, the research proposes a third strategy: the KREBS cycle of creativity defined by Oxman is a conceptual map capable of describing knowledge transfers across the four modalities of human creativity (i.e., science, engineering, design, and art). Providing sufficient “creative energy” in a co-creation process would guarantee the successful production of knowledge. Thus, the research seeks to illuminate different co-creation strategies to promote “creative energy” in the design of the Cyborg Garden (CG) in Madrid, giving a novel application to Oxman’s methodological framework based on the Carayannis’s and Manzini’s models.

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    Land
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Land
    Article . 2023
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      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Land
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    Authors: Charalampos Zarras; Theodoros Karampatakis; Styliani Pappa; Elias Iosifidis; +3 Authors

    Background: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a serious public health issue. The study aimed to identify the antimicrobial resistance and accessory genes, the clonal relatedness, and the evolutionary dynamics of selected CRKP isolates recovered in an adult and pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in Greece. Methods: Twenty-four CRKP isolates recovered during 2018–2022 were included in the study. Next-generation sequencing was performed using the Ion Torrent PGM Platform. The identification of the plasmid content, MLST, and antimicrobial resistance genes, as well as the comparison of multiple genome alignments and the identification of core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism sites, were performed using various bioinformatics software. Results: The isolates belonged to eight sequence types: 11, 15, 30, 35, 39, 307, 323, and 512. A variety of carbapenemases (KPC, VIM, NDM, and OXA-48) and resistance genes were detected. CRKP strains shared visually common genomic regions with the reference strain (NTUH-K2044). ST15, ST323, ST39, and ST11 CRKP isolates presented on average 17, 6, 16, and 866 recombined SNPs, respectively. All isolates belonging to ST15, ST323, and ST39 were classified into distinct phylogenetic branches, while ST11 isolates were assigned to a two-subclade branch. For large CRKP sets, the phylogeny seems to change approximately every seven SNPs. Conclusions: The current study provides insight into the genetic characterization of CRKP isolates in the ICUs of a tertiary hospital. Our results indicate clonal dispersion of ST15, ST323, and ST39 and highly diverged ST11 isolates.

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    Antibiotics
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Antibiotics
    Article . 2023
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      Antibiotics
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Antibiotics
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