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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anamarija Grbeš; Ivo Galić; Branimir Farkaš; Ivan Budeš;

    Cilj je ovoga rada inventarizacija životnoga ciklusa podzemne eksploatacije boksita iz malih grupiranih ležišta koja su karakteristična za boksite dinaridskoga tipa, u planinama oko Jajca, grada u Bosni i Hercegovini, u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine. Model životnoga ciklusa izveden je za metodu eksploatacije podetažnim zarušavanjem i dobivanja rude bušenjem i miniranjem. Temelji se na podatcima internih poslovnih izvješća tvrtke te projektne dokumentacije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo četiri rudnika smještena na tri eksploatacijska polja zatečena u različitim fazama života rudnika, različitim razinama tektonskih poremećaja i različitim vrstama energije za mehanizaciju: dizel, električna energija, komprimirani zrak. Glavni su rezultati ovoga istraživanja inventar podzemne eksploatacije boksita izrađen na temelju dugoročnih podataka, životni ciklus jednoga ležišta boksita te faktori emisija od miniranja. Podzemna eksploatacija u ovome slučaju pokazala se energetski intenzivna: potrebno je u prosjeku od 52 do 92 MJ / t (nasuprot 37 MJ / t kod površinske eksploatacije boksita u Italiji). Istodobno, podzemna eksploatacija boksita uzrokuje samo 5,6 – 6,4 % transformacije prirodnoga zemljišta koje je iznad rudnika i ležišta. Izbor mehanizacije i energije može izravno utjecati na energetski intenzitet. To može utjecati na kvalitetu radne atmosfere, kao i na potencijalne utjecaje u podzemlju. Trenutačni se rad oslanja na električnu energiju kao glavni izvor energije za strojeve, što je povoljno za radnu atmosferu na lokalnoj razini iako se energetska učinkovitost smanjuje upotrebom komprimiranoga zraka kao mehaničke energije. Na državnoj razini utjecaji ovise o mješavini energije koja je još uvijek prilično ovisna o fosilnim gorivima. Inženjerska procjena emisija od miniranja upućuje na to da detonatori i amonij-nitratni eksploziv mogu postati važan izvor utjecaja na okoliš. Rudarska industrija imala bi znatne koristi od čišće energije u proizvodnji električne energije. Treba dalje istražiti put zračne emisije kroz podzemni sustav, posebno olova i dušikovih spojeva. The objective of this paper is the study of the life cycle inventory (LCI) for underground mining of small, clustered deposits of Dinaric Alps-type bauxites, mined in the mountains near Jajce, a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period 2010-2020. Modelling of the life cycle inventory was done based on the company’s internal reports and project documentation for a variant of the sublevel caving method that involves drilling and blasting. Four mines, located on three exploitation fields, were found in different phases of mine life, different levels of tectonic disturbances and different types of energy: diesel, electricity, and compressed air. The main results of this study are the inventory of underground bauxite exploitation made based on long-term data, the life cycle of one bauxite deposit, and the emission factors from blasting. Underground mining in this case proved to be energy intensive: an average of 52-92 MJ/t was required (as opposed to 37 MJ/t for surface bauxite exploitation in Italy). At the same time, underground bauxite exploitation caused only 5.6-6.4% of the transformation of natural land that is above the mines and deposits. The operations relying on diesel fuel caused local emissions in the air and underground. The operation relying on electricity for DC locomotive and generation of the compressed air were without local emission into the air, although energy efficiency was probably reduced using compressed air as mechanical energy. At the state level, the impact depends on the country’s energy mix, which is still quite dependent on fossil fuels. Engineering estimates of blasting emissions indicated detonators and ammonium nitrate explosives as a potentially important source of environmental impact. The mining industry would significantly benefit from cleaner energy in electricity generation (the energy sector) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The path of air emissions in the underground system, especially lead and nitrogen compounds, needs to be further explored.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HRČAK - Portal of sc...arrow_drop_down
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    Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
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      Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ružičić, Stanko; Mileusnić, Marta; Posavec, Kristijan;

    Conceptual model of flow and solute transport in unsaturated zone at Kosnica site, which is the basis for modeling pollution migration through the unsaturated zone to groundwater, is set up. The main characteristics of the unsaturated zone of the Kosnica site are described. Detailed description of investigated profile of unsaturated zone, with all necessary analytical results performed and used in building of conceptual models, is presented. Experiments that are in progress and processes which are modeled are stated. Monitoring of parameters necessary for calibration of models is presented. The ultimate goal of research is risk assessment of groundwater contamination at Kosnica site that has its source in or on unsaturated zone. U radu je postavljen konceptualni model toka i transporta otopina u nesaturiranoj zoni na lokaciji Kosnica, kao temelj modeliranja transporta onečišćivala kroz nesaturiranu zonu do podzemne vode. Opisane su glavne karakteristike nesaturirane zone lokacije Kosnica. Prikazan je detaljan opis istraživanog profila s analitičkim rezultatima korištenim pri izradi konceptualnog modela. Eksperimenti koji su u tijeku i procesi koji se simuliraju su utvrđeni. Prikazan je monitoring parametara potrebnih za kalibraciju modela. Krajnji cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje rizika od onečišćenja podzemne vode na lokalitetu Kosnica čiji je izvor u ili na nesaturiranoj zoni.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Rudarsko-geološko-na...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Rudarsko-geološko-na...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Kristijan Posavec; Jelena Parlov; Andrea Bačani;

    A Visual Basic spreadsheet macro was written to automate the estimation of groundwater recharge from stream or spring hydrographs using the adapted Meyboom’s method. The program fits exponential regression model available in widely accessible platform (i.e. MS Excel) to baseflow recessions that precede and follow groundwater recharge, and uses regression equations to calculate recharge volume that occur between these recessions. An example of field data from Croatia (Bulaž spring) is given to illustrate its application. Za procjenu količine napajanja podzemne vode na temelju hidrograma rijeke ili izvora izrađen je Visual Basic makro koji koristi prilagođenu Meyboomovu metodu. Program koristi eksponencijalni regresijski model, unutar široko dostupne platforme (MS Excel), za opis recesije baznog toka, koja slijedi nakon napajanja podzemne vode, te pomoću jednadžbi regresije računa volumen vode koji se prihrani između dvije recesije. Za prikaz rada aplikacije korišteni su podaci o količini istjecanja na izvoru Bulaž.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Rudarsko-geološko-na...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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    Article . 2009
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Rudarsko-geološko-na...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Anamarija Grbeš; Ivo Galić; Branimir Farkaš; Ivan Budeš;

    Cilj je ovoga rada inventarizacija životnoga ciklusa podzemne eksploatacije boksita iz malih grupiranih ležišta koja su karakteristična za boksite dinaridskoga tipa, u planinama oko Jajca, grada u Bosni i Hercegovini, u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine. Model životnoga ciklusa izveden je za metodu eksploatacije podetažnim zarušavanjem i dobivanja rude bušenjem i miniranjem. Temelji se na podatcima internih poslovnih izvješća tvrtke te projektne dokumentacije. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo četiri rudnika smještena na tri eksploatacijska polja zatečena u različitim fazama života rudnika, različitim razinama tektonskih poremećaja i različitim vrstama energije za mehanizaciju: dizel, električna energija, komprimirani zrak. Glavni su rezultati ovoga istraživanja inventar podzemne eksploatacije boksita izrađen na temelju dugoročnih podataka, životni ciklus jednoga ležišta boksita te faktori emisija od miniranja. Podzemna eksploatacija u ovome slučaju pokazala se energetski intenzivna: potrebno je u prosjeku od 52 do 92 MJ / t (nasuprot 37 MJ / t kod površinske eksploatacije boksita u Italiji). Istodobno, podzemna eksploatacija boksita uzrokuje samo 5,6 – 6,4 % transformacije prirodnoga zemljišta koje je iznad rudnika i ležišta. Izbor mehanizacije i energije može izravno utjecati na energetski intenzitet. To može utjecati na kvalitetu radne atmosfere, kao i na potencijalne utjecaje u podzemlju. Trenutačni se rad oslanja na električnu energiju kao glavni izvor energije za strojeve, što je povoljno za radnu atmosferu na lokalnoj razini iako se energetska učinkovitost smanjuje upotrebom komprimiranoga zraka kao mehaničke energije. Na državnoj razini utjecaji ovise o mješavini energije koja je još uvijek prilično ovisna o fosilnim gorivima. Inženjerska procjena emisija od miniranja upućuje na to da detonatori i amonij-nitratni eksploziv mogu postati važan izvor utjecaja na okoliš. Rudarska industrija imala bi znatne koristi od čišće energije u proizvodnji električne energije. Treba dalje istražiti put zračne emisije kroz podzemni sustav, posebno olova i dušikovih spojeva. The objective of this paper is the study of the life cycle inventory (LCI) for underground mining of small, clustered deposits of Dinaric Alps-type bauxites, mined in the mountains near Jajce, a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the period 2010-2020. Modelling of the life cycle inventory was done based on the company’s internal reports and project documentation for a variant of the sublevel caving method that involves drilling and blasting. Four mines, located on three exploitation fields, were found in different phases of mine life, different levels of tectonic disturbances and different types of energy: diesel, electricity, and compressed air. The main results of this study are the inventory of underground bauxite exploitation made based on long-term data, the life cycle of one bauxite deposit, and the emission factors from blasting. Underground mining in this case proved to be energy intensive: an average of 52-92 MJ/t was required (as opposed to 37 MJ/t for surface bauxite exploitation in Italy). At the same time, underground bauxite exploitation caused only 5.6-6.4% of the transformation of natural land that is above the mines and deposits. The operations relying on diesel fuel caused local emissions in the air and underground. The operation relying on electricity for DC locomotive and generation of the compressed air were without local emission into the air, although energy efficiency was probably reduced using compressed air as mechanical energy. At the state level, the impact depends on the country’s energy mix, which is still quite dependent on fossil fuels. Engineering estimates of blasting emissions indicated detonators and ammonium nitrate explosives as a potentially important source of environmental impact. The mining industry would significantly benefit from cleaner energy in electricity generation (the energy sector) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The path of air emissions in the underground system, especially lead and nitrogen compounds, needs to be further explored.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ HRČAK - Portal of sc...arrow_drop_down
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2021
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    Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
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      Article . 2021
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      Rudarsko-geološko-naftni Zbornik
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ružičić, Stanko; Mileusnić, Marta; Posavec, Kristijan;

    Conceptual model of flow and solute transport in unsaturated zone at Kosnica site, which is the basis for modeling pollution migration through the unsaturated zone to groundwater, is set up. The main characteristics of the unsaturated zone of the Kosnica site are described. Detailed description of investigated profile of unsaturated zone, with all necessary analytical results performed and used in building of conceptual models, is presented. Experiments that are in progress and processes which are modeled are stated. Monitoring of parameters necessary for calibration of models is presented. The ultimate goal of research is risk assessment of groundwater contamination at Kosnica site that has its source in or on unsaturated zone. U radu je postavljen konceptualni model toka i transporta otopina u nesaturiranoj zoni na lokaciji Kosnica, kao temelj modeliranja transporta onečišćivala kroz nesaturiranu zonu do podzemne vode. Opisane su glavne karakteristike nesaturirane zone lokacije Kosnica. Prikazan je detaljan opis istraživanog profila s analitičkim rezultatima korištenim pri izradi konceptualnog modela. Eksperimenti koji su u tijeku i procesi koji se simuliraju su utvrđeni. Prikazan je monitoring parametara potrebnih za kalibraciju modela. Krajnji cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje rizika od onečišćenja podzemne vode na lokalitetu Kosnica čiji je izvor u ili na nesaturiranoj zoni.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Rudarsko-geološko-na...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2012
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2012
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Kristijan Posavec; Jelena Parlov; Andrea Bačani;

    A Visual Basic spreadsheet macro was written to automate the estimation of groundwater recharge from stream or spring hydrographs using the adapted Meyboom’s method. The program fits exponential regression model available in widely accessible platform (i.e. MS Excel) to baseflow recessions that precede and follow groundwater recharge, and uses regression equations to calculate recharge volume that occur between these recessions. An example of field data from Croatia (Bulaž spring) is given to illustrate its application. Za procjenu količine napajanja podzemne vode na temelju hidrograma rijeke ili izvora izrađen je Visual Basic makro koji koristi prilagođenu Meyboomovu metodu. Program koristi eksponencijalni regresijski model, unutar široko dostupne platforme (MS Excel), za opis recesije baznog toka, koja slijedi nakon napajanja podzemne vode, te pomoću jednadžbi regresije računa volumen vode koji se prihrani između dvije recesije. Za prikaz rada aplikacije korišteni su podaci o količini istjecanja na izvoru Bulaž.

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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 2009
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      Article . 2009
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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