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It is increasingly recognised that deep-sea mining of seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) could become an important source of mineral resources. These operations will remove the targeted substrate and produce potentially sediment toxic plumes from in situ seabed excavation and from the return water pumped back down to the seafloor. However, the spatial extent of the impacts of deep-sea mining plumes is still uncertain because few field experiments and models of plumes dispersion have been conducted. Morato et al. (2022) used three-dimensional hydrodynamic models of the Azores region together with a theoretical commercial mining operation of polymetallic SMS to simulate the potential dispersal of sediment plumes originating from different phases of mining operations and to assess the magnitude of potential impacts. The areas used in the modelling work were (from North to South): Cavala seamount (38.265, -30.710), Lucky Strike Hole (37.503, -31.955), Menez Hom (37.109, -32.618), Famous (37.001, -33.039), Saldanha (36.658, -33.420), and Rainbow (36.262 -33.824). The datasets published here contain all the model outputs, namely for 1) the in situ excavation sediment plume, 2) the return water discharge plume, and 3) the return sediments discharge plume:1) The concentration of solids and of the discharge water in each horizontal 2-dimensional space cell is calculated as the maximum concentration in the 50 vertical layers of each 2-dimensional cell, for each output time step (3 hours), averaged over all time steps during each trimester and during a 12-months simulation.1.1) Concentration of sediments produced during the in situ excavation sediment plume calculated as the maximum concentration in the 50 vertical layers of each 2-dimensional cell, for each output time step (3 hours), averaged over all time steps during a 12-months simulation. Sediments were composed of six classes of different particle diameter (0-10 μm, 10-50 μm, 50-100 μm, 100-200 μm, 200-2,000 μm, and >2,000 μm), an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3, and resultant settling velocities ranging from 75.1 cm·s-1 to 0.002 cm·s-1.1.2) Concentration of return water discharge plume (shown in dilution folds) in six study areas calculated as the maximum concentration in the 50 vertical layers of each 2-dimensional cell, for each output time step (3 hours), averaged over all time steps during a 12-months simulation and assuming a control temperature as the annual minimum temperature of each location (T1). The salinity of discharge was calculated assuming the MOHID salinity of 83.3% surface water and 16.7% of seafloor water.1.3) Concentration of sediments in the return sediment discharge plume, calculated as the maximum concentration in the 50 vertical layers of each 2-dimensional cell, for each output time step (3 hours), averaged over all time steps during a 12-months simulation. The average particle diameter was assumed to be 4 µm with an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3 and a resultant settling velocity of 0.002 cm·s-1.2) The proportion of simulated time (temporal frequency) that a specific 2-dimensional space contained plume concentrations higher than the adopted thresholds; 1.2 mg·L-1 for sediment solids and 5,000 fold dilution for discharge water. Those cells whose temporal frequency above the thresholds was greater than 50%, i.e. 6 months out of 12 months, were considered as cells with persistent plumes.2.1) Proportion of simulated time (temporal frequency) that a specific a 2-dimensional space cell, in six study areas, contained in situ excavation sediment plume above a 1.2 mg·L-1 concentration threshold, during a 12-months simulation, assuming six classes of particle diameter (0-10 μm, 10-50 μm, 50-100 μm, 100-200 μm, 200-2,000 μm, and >2,000 μm), an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3, and resultant settling velocities ranging from 75.1 cm·s-1 to 0.002 cm·s-1.2.2) Proportion of simulated time (temporal frequency) that a specific 2-dimensional space, in six study areas, contained return water discharge plume concentrations higher than the adopted thresholds (i.e., 5,000 fold dilution), during a 12-months simulation and assuming a control temperature as the annual minimum temperature of each location (T1). The salinity of discharge was calculated assuming the MOHID salinity of 83.3% surface water and 16.7% of seafloor water.2.3) Proportion of simulated time (temporal frequency) that a specific 2-dimensional space cell, in six study areas, contained return sediments discharge plume above a 1.2 mg·L-1 concentration threshold, during a 12-months simulation, assuming an average particle diameter of 4 µm, an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3, and a resultant settling velocity of 0.002 cm·s-1.3) In addition to the thresholds and targets described above, the datasets also present the model results for Cavala seamount and Lucky Strike Hole against other thresholds: 5 mg·L-1, 10 mg·L-1 and 25 mg·L-1 for sediments and 1,000, 600, 300 and 200 fold dilution for discharge water.4) Seasonal variations in the model outputs for plumes dispersal are also presented for Cavala seamount and Lucky Strike Hole by computing the probability of concentration above thresholds for four periods of three months (January-March, April-June, July-September, and October-December). In these scenarios, the model run duration was approximately 90 days.5) The sediment thickness of the settled sediments from the discharge sediment and excavation.5.1) Bottom thickness of settled sediments produced during the in situ excavation sediment plume assuming six classes of particle diameter (0-10 μm, 10-50 μm, 50-100 μm, 100-200 μm, 200-2,000 μm, and >2,000 μm), an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3, and resultant settling velocities ranging from 75.1 cm·s-1 to 0.002 cm·s-1. The duration of the simulation is one year.5.2) Bottom thickness of settled sediments from the return sediment discharge plume modelled assuming an average particle diameter of 4 µm, an average particle density of 3,780 kg·m-3, and a resultant settling velocity of 0.002 cm·s-1. The duration of the simulation is one year. The downloadable zip folders contain GeoTIFF files with the model outputs used in the publication: Modelling the dispersion of Seafloor Massive Sulphide mining plumes in the Mid Atlantic Ridge around the Azores. Files are organized by:Study site (Cavala, Famous, Lucky Strike Hole, Menez Home, Rainbow, Saldanha)Plume type (Discharge sediments, Discharge water, Excavation)Parameters settings (4 micra, 4 micro rho, 8 micra; Discharge temperature 1, Discharge temperature 2, Discharge temperature ambient; 2m_group)Variable measured (Footprint in mm, Max tracer in mg·L-1, Probability (i.e. temporal frequency) in %)Temporal periods (Year: 2011-12-31_2012-01-01; trimester: 2011-01-10_2011-04-01, 2011-04-01_2011-07-01, 2011-07-01_2011-10-01, 2011-10-01_2012-01-01)

Herein we report the respiration rates (O2 consumption) of the cold-water coral Viminella flagellum exposed to acute Cu concentrations. In a lab experiment, sixty nubbins of V. flagellum were distributed in six aquaria of 8 L (ten nubbins per aquarium) of each Cu solution (0 (control); 60; 150; 250; 450 and 600 μg/L) for 96 h. After this period, four nubbins from each Cu treatment, selected randomly, were incubated individually for 6 h in glass chambers filled with ca. 110 mL of 0.2 μm pre-filtered seawater, with the respective Cu dilutions (4 chambers per Cu concentration). The incubation period was set to 6 h to record changes in O2 consumption without exposing corals to oxygen levels below 80 % (air saturation, a.s.). During the incubation period, dissolved O2 (μmol/L) depletion rates were recorded every 30 min and corrected by the corresponding rates/variations in chambers without corals. Coral respiration rates were normalized to the coral surface area and time. Results are presented by µmol of O2 consumption per m2 per h. Treatment [Cu] µg/L: [0]: Control, no copper addition[60]: Cu concentration of 60 μg/L[150]: Cu concentration of 150 μg/L[250]: Cu concentration of 250 μg/L[450]: Cu concentration of 450 μg/L[600]: Cu concentration of 600 μg/L

ABSTRACT: One of the primary goals in FRAME project’s WP3 (Critical and Strategic Raw Materials Map of Europe), in collaboration with other work packages of FRAME and other GeoERA projects, is to produce and present the mineralisation and potential areas for CRM in Europe. Identifying new resources of supply critical mineral potential on land and in the European seabed for CRM needed for energy transition, is crucial for the European Union. In this regard, identifying and mapping of the major metallogenic areas for different type of mineralisation is essential. The global demand for CRM and strategic minerals containing cobalt, phosphorous, rare earth elements, tellurium, manganese, nickel, lithium and copper, concurrent with the rapidly diminishing quality and quantity of land-based mined deposits, has placed the seafloor as a promising new frontier for the exploration of mineral resources. To develop metallogenic research and models at regional and deposit scales, with special attention to strategic critical minerals, for which the EU’s downstream industry is highly dependent in the mid- and long-term perspectives, one must go from the known to the unknown, or at least, less known. Collating this information into favourable terrains is absolutely necessary to be able to understand mineralisation at the various scales. The latter was one of FRAME’s objectives as we will see developed below for phosphate and cobalt mineralisation. N/A

In 2017 the project ROCK (“Regeneration and Optimization of Cultural Heritage in Creative and Knowledge Cities”) kicked-off in a number of European cities seeking to develop innovative solutions to use cultural heritage as a driver for urban regeneration. The project, financed by the European Commission under the Horizon2020 framework, is based on a methodology of replicating solutions from so-called “Role Model Cities” in three “Replicator Cities”, one of which is Lisbon. The solutions were developed through small-scale pilot projects by the Lisbon Municipality, in partnership with a team of researchers based at the Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon (ICS-ULisboa; henceforth referred to as ICS) while also collaborating with a variety of local stakeholders. In Lisbon, the project focused on the eastern riverside area, composed by the parishes of Marvila and Beato. This area was identified by the Municipality of Lisbon as the ROCK intervention area, due to existing social and spatial challenges as well as its potential for cultural development.

This Memorandum is a policy-oriented research document conducted by the ICS-ULisboa team of the Horizon 2020 project ROCK. It seeks to organise some of the most up-to-date knowledge around Urban Centers and highlight important discussion topics, requiring further attention. In addition to academic literature review, the Memorandum relies on contributions from the international conference “Urban Centers: Acting upon or with cities?” organised by the ICS-ULisboa on the 19th October 2018 (https://rockproject.eu/event-details/41). The Conference took place in the Centre for Urban Information of Lisbon with the participation of representatives from the following Urban Centers: Centro de Informação Urbana de Lisboa (Lisbon); Fondazione Innovazione Urbana (Bologna); Urban Center of Torino; Pavillon de L’Arsenal (Paris); Centro de Cultura Contemporània Barcelona; and casa della Città / Case del Municipio (Rome). The participating Urban Centers were selected from the list provided by the international laboratory on Urban Centers (http://www.urban-center.org/en/), on the basis of their different working contexts, management models and activity. Representatives were invited to share knowledge and experience about the role, the challenges and potential of Urban Centers today and the different forms of action and participation they may have in the development of their cities.

Cities have always been built upon techniques and technologies. If we define technologies not as bleeping, high-tech gadgets but rather as the sum total of the human use of tools and related skill sets, then it is hard to think of a qualitative leap in urban development without an adjacent technological development. During the last decade, Lisbon has witnessed an increased frequency of so-called Smart City projects. The rhetoric surrounding the Smart City, at times make it sound as though the Smart City is bringing techniques & technologies to the city. As if cities were naturalized sites to which technologies are introduced. This is, of course, not the case. What does set the Smart City apart though, at least as it is envisioned, is that the development of IoT techniques, now quite literally, allows for a technological monitoring of the city. An all-encompassing retrofitting of the old. By implementing sensors and meters into ordinary objects – streetlights, buildings, roads, and traffic lights - they become aware of their surroundings. They become Smart. At least so in theory.

The Interpretative Centre for Lisbon’s eastern parishes of Marvila and Beato is set to open at Marvila’s Municipal Library near the conclusion of the city’s H2020 ROCK Project.1 The two partners involved in the venture are Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (CML), Lisbon’s municipality, and Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS-UL), the Institute for Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon. In the creation of this Centre lies the hope of tying the loose ends and strings of a battered territory: for centuries the remote dwellings of the religious orders, or setting for the riverfront leisurely summers of the aristocracy, from the mid-19th century Marvila and Beato were suddenly engulfed in the rapid change brought about by industrialization. Railroads cut the land, massive buildings emerged and even the Tagus was conquered, with continuous embankments for warehouses and ever-growing port activity. 2 By then, the population had expanded almost nine fold, arriving in droves from rural Portugal, and now tightly confined in the capital; housing was built erratically and hastily, mostly with poor conditions, with large shanty towns emerging in the area from the mid-1950s. From the 1980s onwards, when most factories were closed, some went away, others stayed amongst the wreckage, now accompanied by the mounting units of social housing built in the hinterland (known as Chelas) from the end of the 1960s. This had been Marvila and Beato’s reality for the last four decades: the greater part of Lisboans could not have traced them on a map, others would not find a reason to do so.

Marvila and Beato are two parishes in the eastern part of Lisbon where the ROCK project identified the intervention area for cultural heritage-led initiatives of urban regeneration. If historical heritage can be a driver of regeneration, this research note aims to contribute to the corpus of historical knowledge about this area, which hosts seemingly abandoned territories with remnants of the industrial age, along with other valuable built heritage, such as old convents and ancient palaces.