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The versatile capacity of purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) for producing valuable bioproducts has gathered renewed interest in the field of resource recovery and waste valorisation. However, greater knowledge regarding the viability of applying PPB technologies in outdoor, large-scale systems is required. This study assessed, for the first time, the upscaling of the phototrophic polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production technology in a pilot-scale system operated in outdoor conditions. An integrated system composed of two up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors (for fermentation of wastewater with molasses), and two high-rate algal ponds retrofitted into PPB ponds, was operated in a wastewater treatment plant under outdoor conditions. UASB's adaptation to the outdoor temperatures involved testing different operational settings, namely hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 48 and 72 h, and molasses fermentation in one or two UASBs. Results have shown that the fermentation of molasses in both UASBs with an increased HRT of 72 h was able to ensure a suitable operation during colder conditions, achieving 3.83 ± 0.63 g COD

Background: Human exposure to pesticides is being associated with feminisation for which a decrease of the anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive endpoint. Dose addition for the cumulative risk assessment of pesticides in food is considered sufficiently conservative for combinations of compounds with both similar and dissimilar modes of action (MoA).Objective: The present study was designed to test the dose addition hypothesis in a binary mixture of endocrine active compounds with a dissimilar mode of action for the endpoint feminisation.Methods: Compounds were selected from a list of chemicals of which exposure is related to a decrease of the AGD in rats and completed with reference compounds. These chemicals were characterised using specific in vitro transcriptional activation (TA) assays for estrogenic and androgenic properties, leading to a final selection of dienestrol as an ER-agonist and flutamide, linuron, and deltamethrin as AR-antagonists. These compounds were then tested in an in vivo model, i.e. in zebrafish (Danio rerio), using sex ratio in the population as an endpoint in order to confirm their feminising effect and MoA. Ultimately, the fish model was used to test a binary mixture of flutamide and dienestrol.Results: Statistical analysis of the binary mixture of flutamide and dienestrol in the fish sexual development tests (FSDT) with zebrafish supported dose addition. International audience

This paper seeks to understand how co-production can become embedded as a collaborative governance practice by which city governments plan, deliver and steward nature-based solutions. To these ends, the paper analyses how policy officers manifest capacities for co-production in three European cities – Genk (Belgium), Glasgow (United Kingdom), and Poznań (Poland) – while experimenting with co-production to develop and scale nature-based solutions. Co-production capacities include conditions and activities to (1) create space for co-production, (2) safeguard inclusive and legitimate co-production, and (3) link co-production processes and results to con- texts. The results demonstrate how policy officers in the three cities have mobilised and created resources, skills, institutional support and partnerships to implement diverse processes to co-produce nature-based solutions. While these conditions mark starting changes in urban governance, engaging with and embedding co-production causes tensions between the dynamic and diffuse nature of co-production and existing formal governance settings and processes. Lessons for strengthening the capacities to embed co-production as a collaborative governance practice in nature-based solutions planning, delivery, and stewardship are: (1) embedding a tailor-made approach for inclusive co-production to meaningfully engage diverse actors in place-based settings, (2) embedding open-ended co-production with long-term benefits, and (3) embedding new relations and roles to sustain co- production.

Riparian forests remain largely understudied in the context of climate change in comparison to other forest ecosystems although they serve multiple socio-ecological functions. We evaluated local adaptation and adaptive potential in Populus nigra L., an emblematic tree species of European riparian forests. We set up a reciprocal transplant experiment and measured 17 structural and functional traits among 10 progenies of two genetically differentiated populations. The populations originated from two separate watersheds differing in climate conditions and a total of 1200 seedlings were grown in 1-m3 mesocosms at both sites for one growing season. Traits measured were related to growth, leaf physiology and xylem water transport. The populations showed similar biomass suggesting no local adaptation for overall performance but displayed distinct trait syndromes and plastic abilities. The southern population primarily adjusted through changes in allocation and leaf water-use efficiency while the northern population primarily adjusted through changes in specific leaf area. Genetic variation within populations was most of the times equal or larger than between populations. This combined with the generally moderate to high heritability values and the observed plasticity suggested significant adaptive potential. Altogether, our findings reveal that although evolution may not lead to obvious differentiation between populations in global performance, integrated multi-trait approaches are highly valuable to shed light on how evolution may shape distinct underlying functional strategies among populations resulting in a similar outcome. International audience

This study evaluates tropospheric columns of methane, carbon monoxide, and ozone in the Arctic simulated by 11 models. The Arctic is warming at nearly 4 times the global average rate, and with changing emissions in and near the region, it is important to understand Arctic atmospheric composition and how it is changing. Both measurements and modelling of air pollution in the Arctic are difficult, making model validation with local measurements valuable. Evaluations are performed using data from five high-latitude ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The models were selected as part of the 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) report on short-lived climate forcers. This work augments the model–measurement comparisons presented in that report by including a new data source: column-integrated FTIR measurements, whose spatial and temporal footprint is more representative of the free troposphere than in situ and satellite measurements. Mixing ratios of trace gases are modelled at 3-hourly intervals by CESM, CMAM, DEHM, EMEP MSC-W, GEM-MACH, GEOS-Chem, MATCH, MATCH-SALSA, MRI-ESM2, UKESM1, and WRF-Chem for the years 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015. The comparisons focus on the troposphere (0–7 km partial columns) at Eureka, Canada; Thule, Greenland; Ny Ålesund, Norway; Kiruna, Sweden; and Harestua, Norway. Overall, the models are biased low in the tropospheric column, on average by −9.7 % for CH4, −21 % for CO, and −18 % for O3. Results for CH4 are relatively consistent across the 4 years, whereas CO has a maximum negative bias in the spring and minimum in the summer and O3 has a maximum difference centered around the summer. The average differences for the models are within the FTIR uncertainties for approximately 15 % of the model–location comparisons.

Lime is crucial for many sectors of the economy including construction, agriculture, power generation, and manufacture. Lime plants are responsible of about 1.4 % of the global anthropogenic emissions of CO2. The majority of these emissions (over 60 %, according to IEA 2020), generated by the calcination of CaCO3 (i.e. process emissions), can only be avoided through efficient CO2 capture. To capture the CO2 process emissions, post-combustion and oxy-fuel combustion technologies have the potential to be deployed industrially. Among them, Carbonate Looping (CaL) is one of the most promising processes because of its competitive CO2 avoidance costs and low energy requirements (i.e. specific primary energy consumption per CO2 avoided, SPECCA) (e.g. Astolfi et al. 2019). It uses CaO as sorbent to bind CO2 in a carbonator. The CO2 is released in an oxy-fired calciner, operating at around 900 °C, exiting in a high purity stream. For the particular case of the cement and lime industry, the CaL process can exploit the synergies of the calcination; thus, increasing the overall economic and thermodynamic efficiency. To avoid the manifold penalties associated with oxy-firing the calciner (e.g. capital and operation cost of an air separation unit, contamination of CO2 stream, and increase in SPECCA), the heat can be provided indirectly through an external combustor. A proven way to do this is via heat pipes, which transfer heat by means of evaporation and condensation of a working fluid, e.g. sodium. The viability of this Indirectly Heated Carbonate Looping (IHCaL) process was demonstrated with more than 1000 hours of operation in a 300 kWth pilot facility at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. Some of the most important milestones were: capturing CO2 from real combustion flue gas, with more than 85 % capture rate in the carbonator; recirculation of combustor flue gases into the carbonator; and fuelling of the combustor with propane, coal, and solid recovered fuel (SRF) (Hofmann et al. 2022; Reitz et al. 2016). Nevertheless, still some key elements have to be demonstrated in order to deploy the IHCaL technology into the industrial scale (cf. Greco-Coppi et al. 2021). This work presents the design of a 2 MWth demonstration facility with the main objective of driving the IHCaL forward into the full-scale application for the decarbonization of lime and cement production. Lime Plant Hönnetal, in Germany, was selected as the host facility. For the design of the demonstration plant, reactor and process simulations were performed. The sorbent reaction and deactivation models were developed using data from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The reactor models were validated with the results from the pilot testing in the 300 kWth scale. These models were integrated in the Aspen PlusTM process models and used to optimize the design of the demonstration facility. The objectives of the demonstration plant are: (i) demonstrate the application of the IHCaL into an industrially relevant environment; (ii) optimize and validate the utilization of solid fuels (including SRF) in the combustor with capture rates higher than 90 %; (iii) deploy a solid/solid heat exchanger to recover heat between the solid circulating streams; and (iv) demonstrate the feasibility to operate the indirectly heated calciner in industrially-relevant conditions (CO2 recirculation and steam fluidization). Within this work, the methods for the scale-up will be discussed, the design of the plant will be presented, and the operating conditions will be reported. The construction of the demonstration plant may take place within a follow-up project to the ACT ANICA project, starting in the year 2024. In that case, the demonstration facility would be operative by 2026; thus, enabling a first IHCaL industrial application into a lime or cement plant by 2030.

No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author. Modelling of fish movement behaviour within a heterogeneous marine environment is a challenging but also key issue for understanding the effect of environmental factors and climatic change on fish processes (growth, distribution, mortality, reproduction). Fish movement models have the capability to encompass the combined effect of environment and empirical knowledge of fish individuals as energy requirements, known preys and predators, swimming capacities into a unified framework (Planque et al., 2011). Following an Individual Based Model (IBM) approach, a fish movement model has been developed to simulate the active movement of adult anchovy in the Bay of Biscay (BoB) in response to the spatio-temporal variations of both biotic and abiotic factors, as well as its internal conditions based on a bioenergetics model

No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.Deep-sea fisheries in the West of the British Isles have experienced in only two decades many changes regarding the size of the fleets, engine power and fishing gears, fishing grounds and depth while signs of depletion of deep-water stocks and damages to the seabed have led to an increasing number of management rules aiming at ecosystem conservation and at protecting stocks from unsustainable fishing pressure. As deep-water scientific surveys are scarce, abundance indices have been lately estimated using a database containing the catch composition of 29 000 hauls and provided by two organizations from the French fishing industry through a science–industry partnership. Catch composition reflects the combination of the influence of the above factors and the “true” species distribution, itself depending on environmental factors varying in space and time. It is therefore impossible to treat haul-by-haul datasets by standard analyses as they generally require independent observations and normal distributions of continuous variables. Various multivariate analyses and clustering methods were applied in an attempt to characterize the spatio-temporal variability in species abundance and to identify structuring factors and species associations in the catches. Two temporal scales were considered: seasonal and interannual. The relevance of the different methods employed and the information they provide were discussed and results were analysed with stock assessment and management options for those mixed fisheries in perspective.